植物气孔对全球环境变化的响应及其调控防御机制  

Response of Stomata to Global Climate Changes and the Underlying Regulation Mechanism of Stress Responses

作　　者：高春娟[1] 夏晓剑[1] 师恺[1] 周艳虹[1] 喻景权[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学园艺系,杭州310058

出　　处：《植物生理学报》2012年第1期19-28,共10页Plant Physiology Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31000905);中国博士后科学基金(20100481441)

摘　　要：气孔是植物与环境发生联系的重要门户,控制着植物与外界的气体和水分交换。本文针对全球大气CO2浓度升高、气候变暖、干旱加剧等环境问题,分析了气孔对全球水循环、碳循环的重要贡献。系统总结了气孔的形态发育和生理功能对大气高CO2浓度、干旱、土壤盐渍化、病虫害等的响应及其调控防御机制。综述了脱落酸(ABA)、Ca2+、H2O2、一氧化氮(NO)和光信号调控气孔运动的分子机制。从理论和实践两方面,提出了通过调控气孔运动协调CO2同化和水分散失的矛盾,在不影响光合效率的前提下提高水分利用率等未来的研究方向。Stomata are the primary conduits of water loss and gas exchange of plants and play important roles in the interaction between plants and environment.In the context of dramatic environmental changes such as increase of air CO2 concentration,global warming and frequently drought stress,the paper analyzes the great contribution of stomata function to global water and carbon cycles.Based on this,we summarized changes of morphological development and physiological functions in response to high air CO2,drought,soil salinity,and pathogen infection.We also analyzed the involvement of abscisic acid（ABA）,Ca2＋,H2O2,nitric oxide（NO） and light signaling in the regulation of stomatal functioning.Finally,we proposed strategy to control the water use efficiency without inhibition of photosynthesis and biomass accumulation by manipulating environmental conditions in practice.

关 键 词：气孔 CO2 水分胁迫 信号 水分利用率 

分 类 号：Q945[生物学—植物学]