马铃薯腐烂茎线虫的遗传变异及其与生态因子的相关性  

Genetic Variation of Ditylenchus destructor and Its Association with Ecological Factors

作　　者：黄文坤[1] 何旭峰[1,2] 丁中[2] 彭德良[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室,北京100193 [2]湖南农业大学生物安全科技学院,长沙410128

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》2012年第1期62-69,共8页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.31071668)

摘　　要：马铃薯腐烂茎线虫(Ditylenchus destructor)是世界范围内广泛分布的检疫性线虫,严重危害多种作物。马铃薯腐烂茎线虫为适应不同的生活环境而发生相应的遗传变异,可以通过不同地理种群之间遗传结构的差异来研究环境生态因子对种群遗传结构的影响。利用简单重复序列区间(inter-simple sequence repeat,SSR)分子标记技术研究了我国马铃薯腐烂茎线虫5个群体的遗传多样性、遗传变异,分析了遗传多样性与生态因子的相关性。研究结果表明,马铃薯腐烂茎线虫具有较高的遗传多样性。在种群水平,安徽省太和县种群的遗传多样性最高,河北省昌黎县的遗传多样性最低;在群体水平,5个群体的遗传多样性大小分别为安徽>山东>江苏>河北>北京。5个群体间具有较小程度的遗传变异,遗传分化系数(Gst)为0.0725;不同种群间具有频繁的基因交流(Nm=6.3933)。相关分析表明马铃薯腐烂茎线虫的Shannon遗传多样性与海拔、经度、纬度、年降雨量等成正相关关系,与年均温、最高温、最低温等成负相关关系;马铃薯腐烂茎线虫的遗传距离与地理距离成正相关关系。研究结果认为马铃薯腐烂茎线虫对低温具有较强的适应性,适于在华北、东北等地生长发育,将加强北方地区马铃薯种苗和种薯的管理,对防止马铃薯腐烂茎线虫进一步扩散蔓延提供指导意义。Ditylenchus destructor is a quarantine plant-parasitic nematode that distributed worldly.The genetic variation of D.destructor may be modified with the change of ecological environment.The effect of ecological factor on the genetic structure may be induced by the genetic variation of different population of Ditylenchus destructor.The genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of D.destructor were analyzed with inter-simple sequence repeat（ISSR） molecular marker in this study.The effect of ecological factor on genetic diversity of D.destructor was analyzed with SPSS software.Results showed that genetic diversity was relative high in D.destructor.At the population level,the higest genetic diversity existed in the Taihe population of Anhui Province,the lowest genetic diversity existed in the Changli population of Hebei Province.At the group level,the genetic diversity of five groups was arranged as AnhuiShandongJiangsuHebeiBeijing.Relativey low genetic differentiation and high gene flow were existed in five groups with which coefficient of genetic differentiation（Gst） was 0.0725 and gene flow（Nm） was 6.3933.Correlation analysis showed a positive relationship between Shannon genetic diversity and altitude,longitude,latitude and annual precipitation,while a negative relativeship existed between Shannon genetic diversity and average temperature,maximum temperature and minimum temperature.A positive relationship also existed between genetic distance and geographical distance.The results imply that D.destructor adapts to low temperature and it will be suitable to propagate in northern China.The management of seedling and seedtuber of sweet potato（Solanum tuberosum） shall be reinforced to prevent it＇s distribution and spreading in northern China.

关 键 词：马铃薯腐烂茎线虫 简单重复序列区间(ISSR) 遗传变异 生态因子 相关分析 

分 类 号：S432.45[农业科学—植物病理学]