张荫桓、翁同龢与戊戌年康有为进用之关系  

Zhang Yinhuan and Weng Tonghe's Relations with Kang Youwei's Promotion in 1898

作　　者：马忠文[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院近代史研究所,北京100006

出　　处：《近代史研究》2012年第1期4-28,160,共25页Modern Chinese History Studies

摘　　要：既往研究认为军机大臣翁同龢是联系光绪帝与变法领袖康有为的桥梁,他曾向皇帝举荐过康氏,在戊戌变法中扮演了极为重要的角色。然而,这种说法并无事实依据。真正的荐康者应是户部左侍郎、总理衙门大臣张荫桓。甲午至戊戌时期康有为在京政治活动的"谋主"正是张氏。他不仅全力支持胶州湾事件后康氏的上书活动,并且在召对时推荐康氏的变法书籍,积极推动康氏进用。翁同龢作为知情者,在办理公务的层面,曾给予谨慎的支持,但并未"荐康"。翁、康关系始终比较疏远。翁同龢"荐康"的说法出现于政变后,首倡者为流亡海外的康有为。翁氏"荐康"的官方定论,则是政变后清廷派系斗争的产物。Past studies have held that Grand Minister of State Weng Tonghe was the bridge linking the Reform Movement leader Kang Youwei and Emperor Guangxu;Weng recommended Kang to Emperor Guangxu and played very important role in the 1898 Reform Movement.However,there are no facts to support this viewpoint.The person who really recommended Kang to Guangxu was Zhang Yinhuan,Vice-Minister of the Ministry of Finance and Director of the Zongli Yamen.Zhang Yinhuan was the 'sponsor' of Kang Youwei's political activities in Beijing from 1895 to 1898.Zhang not only thoroughly supported Kang's movement to petition Emperor Guangxu after the Jiaozhou Bay Incident,but also recommended Kang's reformist books when he was called in by Emperor Guangxu and positively promoted Kang's advancement in rank and position.As a sympathizer,Weng Tonghe did give cautious support to Kang in his handling public affairs,but he did not 'recommend Kang.' The relationship between Weng and Kang was never very close.The view that Weng Tonghe 'recommended Kang Youwei' first appeared after the Coup of 1898,and the initiator was Kang Youwei in exile abroad.The official view that Weng 'recommended Kang' was product of factionalist struggles in the Qing court after the Coup.

关 键 词：张荫桓 翁同龢 康有为 光绪皇帝 戊戌变法 晚清政局 

分 类 号：K256[历史地理—历史学]