矿业活动固体废弃物中重金属元素释放机理的浸出实验  

Research on releasing of heavy metals in solid wastes from mining activity

作　　者：徐争启[1,2] 倪师军[2] 滕彦国[1] 王金生[1] 赵永鑫[2] 张成江[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学水科院,北京100875 [2]成都理工大学地球化学与核资源工程系。四川成都610059

出　　处：《地质通报》2012年第1期101-107,共7页Geological Bulletin of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目《钢渣中钒释放的地球化学过程及其对水土质量的影响》(批准号:40603017);博士点基金项目《钒钛磁铁矿冶炼废渣中钒释放的地球化学机理及环境风险》(编号:20090003110021);四川省科技支撑计划项目《攀枝花典型矿业活动区潜在环境污染风险评价及调控技术研究》(编号:2009FZ0051)

摘　　要：矿业活动中产生的固体废弃物包括废石、尾矿和冶炼废渣。这些固体废弃物堆放于露天环境,经过长期的自然风化作用,会对周围环境产生重要的影响。以攀枝花钒钛磁铁矿矿业活动为例,采集了废石、尾矿和冶炼废渣3种类型的固体废弃物,通过浸出实验,研究了不同粒度、不同pH值条件下这些废弃物中重金属元素的释放机理及其对环境产生的影响。结果表明,大多数元素在pH值条件偏小的环境中浸出率更大,在碱性环境中浸出率更小,但废石中的V、Cr和废渣中的Ti在碱性条件下浸出率更高;细粒样品在相同pH值条件下浸出率较粗粒大,但在pH=12的条件下Ti、V、Ni、Cr和pH=1条件下Ti、Cr的浸出量出现反常,即在粗粒样品中高于细粒样品。固体废弃物释放的重金属元素会对周围环境产生一定的影响,需要加强监测。The solid wastes from mining activity include mullock, mine tailing and smelting slag, which are piled in the open air and will have great impact on the surrounding environment after long-term natural weathering. In this paper, mnllock, mine tailing and smelting slag are sampled by taking Panzhihua V-Ti magnetite mining activity as an example to study the releasing mechanism and the environmental effect of heavy metals in these solid wastes under the conditions of different pH values and granularities through the lix- iviating experiment. The results show that the lixiviating rate of most elements becomes higher under lower pH value and lower under alkaline condition, but the lixiviating rate of V and Cr in mnllock and that of Ti in slag become higher under alkaline condition; the lixiviating rate of thin samples is higher than that of thick ones under the same pH condition, but the lixiviating rate of Ti, V, Co and Cr under the pH value of 12 and that of Ti and Cu under the pH value of 1 are abnormal, that is, the lixiviating rate of thick samples is higher than that of thin samples. The heavy metals released by solid water will certainly have impact on the surrounding environ- ment, so they should be ~iven closer monitoring.

关 键 词：固体废弃物 重金属元素 粒度 攀枝花钒钛磁铁矿 

分 类 号：X751[环境科学与工程—环境工程] P595[天文地球—地球化学]