菠萝体细胞胚发育过程的形态学和解剖学研究  

Morphological and Anatomical Analysis of Pineapple Somatic Embryogenesis

作　　者：何业华[1] 方少秋[1] 胡中沂[1] 马均[1] 罗吉[1] 伍成厚[1] 曹莉[1] 卢敏[1] 陈程杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学园艺学院,广州510642

出　　处：《园艺学报》2012年第1期57-63,共7页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30971984);农业部引进国际先进农业科学技术重点项目(2010-G2-11);农业部公益性行业科研专项(nyhyzx07-30)

摘　　要：以‘神湾’菠萝(Ananas comosus ‘Shenwan’)愈伤组织为材料,对体细胞胚发育过程中的形态和组织结构变化进行了观察和石蜡切片研究。结果表明,菠萝体细胞发育过程可划分为原胚、球形胚、梨形胚、笋形胚和成熟胚等5个时期。原胚是由胚性细胞分化和分裂形成的多细胞结构,呈棒状至纺锤形,最粗处直径50～200μm,灰白色,细胞较均匀一致,未出现组织分化。球形胚近球形,直径200～500μm,已开始组织分化,在后期能清楚观察到一些原维管束组织存在。梨形胚呈上细下粗的梨形,长600～1000μm,最粗处在胚体中下部(直径400～800μm),已经具备轴向性和双极性,子叶原基组织呈帽状将胚芽原始体包在其中。笋形胚似冬笋状,长1000～2 000μm,下部最粗处直径600～1000μm,后期子叶原基、胚芽鞘原基和胚芽原基已清晰可见。成熟胚长2000～4 000μm,下部最粗处直径1000～1500μm,胚芽端已具子叶、胚芽鞘、叶原基和胚芽生长点,而胚根原基分化较慢,外围有一层胚根鞘组织。胚芽和胚根内源生,子叶衣领状,第一枚叶(胚芽鞘)基部鞘状,胚轴短,叶原基呈莲座状着生在上胚轴顶端,是菠萝体细胞胚的重要特征。Paraffin dissections of the structural and morphological changes during somatic embryogenesis were studied using callus tissue from Ananas comosus ＇Shenwan＇ as material. Results showed the pineapple somatic embryogenesis can be divided into 5 phases, proembryo, globular embryo, pear embryo, bamboo shoot embryo and mature embryo. Proembryo is the multicellular structure formed by differentiation and division of embryogenic cells, club or spindle shaped, with the diameter of 50 - 200 μtm, grey, uniform, no structural differentiation. Globular embryo is similar to a sphere with a diameter of 200- 500 μ, differentiation starts at this phase and some vascular tissue were observed at the end stage of globular phase. Pyriform embryo is about 600 - 1 000 μtm long, with different diameters between upperand lower ends, which resembles the shape of a pear, it has the largest diameter in the middle lower section （400 - 800 μxrn）, and bipolarity is already showed in this phase. Bamboo shoot embryo has a resemblance to the bamboo shoot, with a length of 1 000 - 2 000 Ixrn, the largest diameter is about 600 - 1 Q00 grn in the lower section. The cotyledon primordium, coleoptile primordium and plumule primordium are already visible at the later stage of bamboo shoot embryo. Mature embryo is about 2 000 - 4 000μtm long, the largest diameter is about 1 000 - 1 500 grn in the lower section. Cotyledon, coleoptile, leaf primordium and cotyledon growing point are shown in plumule, however, the differentiation of radical is slow, with a layer of coleorhizae tissues covering it. Both plumule and radical are endogenous, with collarshaped cotyled6n and the sheath like first leaf （coleoptiles）, short hypocotyls, rosetteshaped leaf primordium on the top of hypocotyls are demonstrated as the characteristics of pineapple somatic embryo.

关 键 词：菠萝 体细胞胚发育 形态 组织结构 

分 类 号：S668.3[农业科学—果树学]