轮作不同蔬菜对大棚番茄连作基质中微生物与酶及后茬番茄的影响  

Effect of Rotating Different Vegetables on Micro-biomass and Enzyme in Tomato Continuous Cropped Substrate and Afterculture Tomato Under Plastic Tunnel Cultivation

作　　者：李威[1] 程智慧[1] 孟焕文[1] 周静[1] 梁静[1] 刘雪娇[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,农业部西北地区园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《园艺学报》2012年第1期73-80,共8页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31171949);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903018-7);国家‘十一五’科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD57B03)

摘　　要：为明确轮作不同蔬菜对预防基质栽培番茄连作障碍的效果,于大棚番茄冬闲季节在连作两茬番茄的有机基质中分别轮作蒜苗(Allium sativum)、白菜(Brassica campestris ssp.chinesis var.communis)和莴苣(Lactuca sativa),后茬继续种植番茄,测试轮作不同蔬菜后基质中微生物种群与数量和酶活性的差异,以及对后茬番茄生长和产量的影响。结果表明:轮作蒜苗、白菜和莴苣均能显著增加基质中微生物总量、细菌数量和细菌/真菌比例,降低真菌数量;基质中蔗糖酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性也都表现较高水平;各轮作处理与对照(冬闲)相比,以上指标差异均达到显著水平。在3种轮作蔬菜中,轮作蒜苗效果优于白菜和莴苣,其微生物种群更平衡且4种酶活性均最高,后茬番茄根系活力在整个生长期都高于对照,产量最高。因此,冬闲季节轮作蔬菜可改善大棚番茄连作基质的微生物种群平衡和酶活性,预防连作障碍,且增收轮作蔬菜;3种轮作蔬菜中以轮作蒜苗效果最好。Garlic seedling, noheading Chinese cabbage or leaf lettuce was rotated with two season continuous cropping tomato during winter fallow season under plastic tunnel substrate cultivation. Microorganism groups, biomass and enzyme activity of the rotated substrate and yield and root vigor of afterculture tomato were measured to test the effect of rotating different vegetables on preventing of the continuous cropping obstacle of tomato. It showed that rotating with garlic seedling, noheading Chinese cabbage and leaf lettuce significantly increased the number of total microbiomass, bacteria number and ratio of bacteria to fungus in substrate. However the number of fungus decreased. Besides, relatively higher level of sucrase, urease, alkaline phosphatase and catalase activity in the substrate was recorded in all the rotating treatments. Among the three vegetables, garlic seedling showed the best rotating effect onmicroorganism group and enzyme activity of substrate and yield ana root vigor of the whole growth season. In conclusion, rotating vegetables in substrate can improve the microorganism environment, increase the enzyme activity, and prevent the obstacle of continuous cropping of tomato and increase the harvest of rotating vegetables.

关 键 词：番茄 轮作 有机基质 连作 微生物种群 基质酶活性 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]