两种辅助通气方式早期应用于早产极低出生体重儿的临床效果比较  被引量:5

Effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure or intubation in very low birth weight preterm infants

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作  者:高薇薇[1] 谭三智[2] 陈运彬[1] 张永[1] 叶秀桢[1] 聂川[1] 王越[1] 王俊平[1] 

机构地区:[1]广东省妇幼保健院新生儿科,广州510010 [2]广州市第一人民医院医务部

出  处:《中华围产医学杂志》2011年第12期705-710,共6页Chinese Journal of Perinatal Medicine

基  金:广东省自然科学基金(06019787);广东省医学科学技术研究基金(A2008088);广东省科技计划项目(2007803150009)

摘  要:目的比较鼻塞持续气道正压通气(nasal continuous positive airway pressure,ncPAP)与气管插管接呼吸机通气在早产极低出生体重儿生后早期应用的临床效果。方法选择生后60min内出现呼吸窘迫症状的早产极低出生体重儿共123例纳入本前瞻性随机对照研究,nCPAP组63例,气管插管接呼吸机通气组(对照组)60例。采用卡方检验和t检验比较2组患儿支气管肺发育不良发生率、病死率、用氧、辅助通气使用和临床并发症情况。结果nCPAP组与对照组比较,支气管肺发育不良发生率E4.8%(3/63)与3.3%(2/60)]和病死率[7.9%(5/63)与6.6%(4/60)]差异均无统计学意义(x2=0.16和0.07,P〉0.05)。nCPAP组肺表面活性物质使用率(27.0%,17/63)低于对照组(83.3%,50/60),差异有统计学意义(x2=39.34,OR=0.3,90%CI:0.2~0.6,P〈0.05)。生后28d时,nCPAP组辅助通气的比例(17.5%,11/63)低于对照组(25.0%,15/60)(OR=0.7,90%CI:0.4~1.4);至纠正胎龄36周时,nCPAP组辅助通气比例(6.3%,4/63)仍低于对照组(8.3%,5/60)(OR=0.8,90%CI:0.2~2.4),但差异均无统计学意义(矿分别为1.05和0.O1,P均〉O.05)。nCPAP组气漏发生率(11.1%,7/63)低于对照组(33.3%,20/60),差异有统计学意义(x2=8.86,OR=0.3,90%CI:0.2~O.7,P〈0.05)。结论与气管插管接呼吸机通气相比,在早产极低出生体重儿中早期使用nCPAP,不能降低病死率或支气管肺发育不良发生率,但可缩短辅助机械通气时间,降低气漏和使用肺表面活性物质的比例。Objective To investigate the effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) and intubation in very low birth weight preterm infants. Methods One hundred and twenty-three very low birth weight preterm infants with respiratory distress within 60 minutes after birth were randomly assigned to nCPAP (n=63) or intubation group (n=60). Outcomes at 7, 28 days and 36 corrected gestational weeks were assessed with Z2 or t-test. Results There were no significant difference in fatality rate and incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia between n EPAP group and intubation group [7.9% (5/63) vs 6.6%(4/60),4.8%(3/63) vs 3.3%(2/60),Z2::0.07 and 0.16,P^0. 05]. In nCPAP group, the use of pulmonary sulfactant was 27.0% (17/63), lower than that (83.3%, 50/60) in intubation group (x2=39.34, OR=O. 3,90% CI: O. 2-0.6, P〈0.05) ; The nCPAP group had fewer ventilation support in 28 days [17.5% (11/63) vs 25.0K (15/60), 0R=0.7,90% CI: 0.4-1.4] and 36 weeks [6.3%% (4/63) vs 8.3% (5/60), OR=0.8, 90% CI:O. 2-2.4] than those in intubation group but without statistical difference (x2=1. 05 and 0.01, P〉0.05, respectively). The incidence of air leak in nCPAP group were lower than intubation group [11.1% (7/63) vs 33.3% (20/60),x2=8.86, OR=0.3, 90% CI,0.2-0.7, P〈0.05]. There was no significant difference for other complications between two groups. Conclusions In very low birth weight preterm infants, early nCPAP dose not significantly reduce the fatality rate and the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia as compared with intubation ventilation, but shorten the time of ventilation and lower the incidence of air leak.

关 键 词:婴儿 早产 婴儿 极低出生体重 连续气道正压通气 呼吸 人工 

分 类 号:R722.6[医药卫生—儿科]

 

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