灌水时期和比例对不同品种小麦产量及加工品质的影响  

EFFECTS OF IRRIGATION STAGE AND PROPORTION ON GRAIN YIELD AND PROCESSING QUALITY IN DIFFERENT WHEAT VARIETIES

作　　者：徐凤娇[1,2] 赵广才[1] 田奇卓[2] 常旭虹[1] 杨玉双[1] 王德梅[1] 刘鑫[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所农业部作物生理生态与栽培重点开放实验室,北京100081 [2]山东农业大学作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《核农学报》2011年第6期1255-1260,共6页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目粮食丰产科技工程(2006BAD02A13-2-4);国家现代农业产业体系(CARS-03-05B)

摘　　要：在自动防雨棚池栽条件下,研究不同灌水时期和灌水比例对强筋小麦济麦20和中筋小麦中麦8两个品种产量性状和加工品质的影响。结果表明,灌水比例为1∶3的处理(B1:春2叶灌300m3.hm-2+春5叶灌900m3.hm-2)和3∶1的处理(B4:春5叶灌900m3.hm-2+开花期灌300m3.hm-2)有利于减少旗叶中脯氨酸含量,缓解旗叶氮素流失,延长叶片功能期,供试品种间旗叶脯氨酸含量和氮素含量差异不显著;灌水比例为1∶3和3∶1的处理增加了穗数,提高了蛋白质含量,而灌水比例为1∶1的处理(B2:春2叶灌600m3.hm-2+春5叶灌600m3.hm-2,B3:春5叶灌600m3.hm-2+开花期灌600m3.hm-2)增加了穗粒数。春5叶灌水+开花期灌水(B3,B4)有利于提高籽粒产量和改善产量构成因素。中麦8在各灌水处理中穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、籽粒产量均高于济麦20,蛋白质产量则显著低于济麦20。处理B2和B4的灌水方式提高了小麦沉降值,增加了湿面筋含量,延长了面团稳定时间。春2叶灌水+春5叶灌水处理(B1,B2)延长了面团形成时间,改善了小麦加工品质。In the present paper,effects of irrigation stage and proportion on grain yield and processing quality were studied with strong gluten wheat ＂Jimai 20＂and middle gluten wheat ＂Zhongmai 8＂.Results showed that the irrigation ratio of 1∶3 treatment（B1 denotes indicate irrigating 300m3·hm-2 at emergence of 2nd spring-leaf ＋ irrigating 900m3·hm-2at emergence of 5th spring-leaf）and 3∶1 treatment（B4 denotes indicate irrigating 900m3·hm-2at emergence of 5th spring-leaf ＋ irrigating 300m3·hm-2at emergence of flowering） were propitious to reduce proline content in flag leaf and mitigate total nitrogen losing of flag leaf,and to prolong the functional stage of flag leaf.No significant difference was found in proline content and total nitrogen content of flag leaf between ＂Jimai 20＂ and ＂Zhongmai 8＂.The irrigation ratio of 1∶3 and 3∶1 treatments enhanced spike number and protein content,the irrigation ratio of 1∶1treatments（B2 represents irrigating 600m3·hm-2 at emergence of 2nd spring-leaf ＋ irrigating 600m3·hm-2 at emergence of the 5th spring-leaf and B3 represents indicate irrigating 600m3·hm-2 at emergence of the 5th spring-leaf ＋irrigating 600m3·hm-2 at emergence of flowering）increased the number of grain per spike.The treatments of irrigating at emergence of 5th spring-leaf ＋irrigating at emergence of flowering（B3,B4）benefited for increasing grain yield and improving the yield components.The value of ears,grains per spike,1000-grain weight,grain yield of ＂Zhongmai 8＂ were higher than those of ＂Jimai 20＂ in all the irrigation treatments,but the content of protein was significantly lower than ＂Jimai 20＂.Treatments of B2 and B4 increased the sedimentation volume and wet gluten content,prolonged the stability time.Irrigation at emergence of 2nd spring-leaf＋ 5th spring-leaf（B1,B2）were prolonged the development time,and improved the processing quality of wheat.

关 键 词：灌水时期 灌水比例 冬小麦 品种 产量 加工品质 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]