嫁接西瓜根、茎叶的化感效应及化感物质的鉴定  

ALLELOPATHIC EFFECT AND IDENTIFICATION OF ALLELOCHEMICALS IN GRAFTED WATERMELON ROOT AND STEM-LEAF

作　　者：郑阳霞[1] 唐海东[1] 李焕秀[1] 贺忠群[1] 秦耀国[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学园艺学院,四川雅安625014

出　　处：《核农学报》2011年第6期1280-1285,共6页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：四川省教育厅重点科研项目(00322300);四川农业大学青年科技创新基金项目(00330900)

摘　　要：以南瓜作砧木嫁接西瓜,研究嫁接西瓜的根、茎叶浸提液对西瓜种子发芽和幼苗生长的化感效应,并对嫁接西瓜根和茎叶中的化感物质进行了GC-MS检测。结果表明,2.5、5、10和20g/L 4个浓度的浸提液(西瓜/南瓜嫁接苗,南瓜自根苗,西瓜自根苗的根、茎叶)对西瓜种子发芽和幼苗生长均呈现出低促高抑的规律。浸提液浓度为2.5g/L时,西瓜自根苗对西瓜种子的发芽和幼苗的生长促进作用最强;浓度为10和20g/L时,所有浸提液均表现为抑制作用。低浓度时,嫁接西瓜和南瓜自根苗的根、茎叶浸提液对西瓜种子发芽和幼苗生长的促进作用大于西瓜自根苗;高浓度时,抑制作用弱于西瓜自根苗。不同的部位相比,茎叶浸提液的抑制作用大于根系浸提液。西瓜/南瓜嫁接苗根、茎叶中化感物质的种类和相对含量与西瓜自根苗相比均发生变化,在嫁接西瓜的根中检测到未在西瓜和南瓜自根苗根中出现的特异物质2-苏丁亚胺基-3-异丙基-5-苯基-1,3,5-噻二嗪-4-酮;在嫁接西瓜茎叶中检测到特异物质1,4-二氯-2,5-二甲氧基苯、2-氯-N-(3-甲氧基-2-噻酚基)-2',6'-二甲基乙酰苯胺和S-[(4,6-二氨基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)甲基]-O,O-二甲基二硫代磷酸酯。研究认为西瓜生产中使用嫁接技术是缓解由自毒作用引起连作障碍的有效方法之一。Allelopathic effect of root and stem-leaf aqueous extracts in watermelons grafted with pumpkin as rootstocks were studied.The allelochemicals in root and stem-leaf samples were detected by GC-MS.The results showed that the seed germination and seedling growth of watermelon was increased when the root and stem-leaf aqueous extracts on lower concentration,and decreased at extracts on higher concentration.The root and stem-leaf aqueous extracts promoted the seed germination and seedling growth of watermelons at 2.5g/L,and began to inhibit at 10g/L for all extracted solutions.The root and stem-leaf aqueous extracts from grafted watermelons with lower concentration had stronger effect on the seed germination and seedling vegetal promotion of watermelons than that of own-rooted watermelon,while the retarding effect was less than that of own-rooted watermelon at higher concentration.The identification of allelochemicals in root and stem-leaf of grafted watermelons indicated that the categories and the relative contents were different from the own-root plants.The substances,such as 2-tert-butylimino-3-isopropyl-5-phenyl-1,3,5-thiadiazinan-4-one was detected only in root of grafted watermelons.The substances,such as 1,4-Dichloro-2,5-dimethoxybenzene,2-chloro-N-（3-methoxy-2-thenyl）-2′,6′-dimethylacetanilide and S-4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-ylmethyl O,O-dimethyl phosphorodithioate were detected only in stem-leaf of grafted watermelons.Grafting considered as one of the effective methods for relieving the continuous cropping barrier caused by autotoxicity.

关 键 词：西瓜 嫁接 根、茎叶 化感效应 化感物质 

分 类 号：S651[农业科学—果树学]