加油站油品存储罐区火灾爆炸事故伤害范围的数学模拟  

The Mathematical Simulation of Fire and Explosion Accidents on Damage Scope in the Gas Station's Oil Storage Tank Area

作　　者：李庆功[1,2] 宋文华[1] 谢飞[1,2] 陈阵[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津工业大学环境与化学工程学院,天津300387 [2]天津市消防总队,天津300100

出　　处：《南开大学学报（自然科学版）》2011年第5期7-13,共7页Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Nankaiensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(50974096);天津市应用基础及前沿技术研究计划重点项目(10JCZDJC25000)

摘　　要：随着机动车数量的增加和城市建设的发展,加油站的消防安全面临着更加严峻的挑战.当前加油站储罐多采用直埋式,使用密闭方式卸油.但是,油罐作为加油站油品的主要存储设备,进出油与清罐等作业都会形成造成火灾爆炸的环境,是加油站的主要危险源,一旦发生事故很容易造成重大人员伤亡.针对加油站典型危险源油品存储罐区,选择实际建设案例,对加油站储罐区的火灾爆炸事故模式进行分析.储罐发生的主要事故形式有蒸气云爆炸、池火灾等等,其中蒸汽云爆炸是最为严重的事故.对实例进行模拟计算,结果分析与对照表明,加油站实际设计不能完全满足爆炸事故发生时的消防安全要求,按照目前汽车加油站设计规范给出的相关建(构)筑物、加油设备设施与辅助设施之间间距的要求,进行加油站设计,其消防安全不能得到有效保证.With the increase of motor vehicles and the development of city construction,the fire safety of gas station faces more severe challenges.The present gas stations use plow-in storage and closed oil unloading.However,as main storage equipment of the gas station,the oil tank is the primary source of danger,because the fire and explosion accident may be caused by the cleaning,loading and unloading of the oil tank.Once the accident happened in the gas station,it could easily cause significant casualties.As an example,the accident model of fire and explosion of the actual case in oil storage tank area of the station which is the typical hazardous source,is analyzed.The storage tank area is the primary dangerous source of the gas station and the model accident of the station mainly concludes the explosion of vapor cloud,which is the most severe accident,the pool fire and so on.Then make calculation of the actual fire and explosion accident case.By analyzing and comparing the result coming from numerical computer simulations,it shows that the design of the gas station can＇t satisfy the requirements of fire protection.The design of gas station according to the present standard of petrol station,which gives the provision about the spacing between the gas equipment and facilities,the ancillary facilities and the related constructions,is hardly to guarantee the fire protection of gas station effectively.

关 键 词：加油站 油罐 火灾爆炸 伤害范围 数学模拟 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]