油库吸收法油气回收系统的事故模式与控制模式初探  

Pre-test of Accident Modes and Safe Modes of Oil and Gas Adsorption Recovery System in Oil Depot

作　　者：宋文华[1] 张俪昽[1] 徐昕[1] 谢飞[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]天津工业大学环境与化学工程学院,天津300387 [2]天津市消防总队,天津300100

出　　处：《南开大学学报（自然科学版）》2011年第5期14-22,共9页Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Nankaiensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(50974096);天津市科技支撑计划重点项目(10ZCGYSF01600)

摘　　要：汽油挥发产生的油气遇点火源发生火灾爆炸事故是油库的主要事故形式,采用油气回收技术可以达到控制油库火灾爆炸事故的目的.通过对实际案例油库吸收法油气回收系统工艺过程的危险分析与辨识,给出了基于事故树分析所对应的可能导致火灾爆炸事故发生的基本事件,并据此构建了油库油气回收系统火灾爆炸事故的事故树及其对偶成功树.通过分析事故树最小割集、对偶成功树最小径集,分别确定了油库吸收法油气回收系统火灾爆炸事故的事故模式和防止油库吸收法油气回收系统火灾爆炸事故发生的控制模式.从分析基本事件结构重要度、最小割集结构重要度和最小径集结构重要度入手,得出导致油气回收系统火灾爆炸事故发生的最直接、最需要控制的因素是"汽油、油气管道和接口泄漏";油气回收系统火灾爆炸事故发生的控制与预防在于本质安全要求和日常安全管理.Based on the analysis and identification in the hazard process of the actual case of the oil and gas absorption recovery system in oil depot,the basic events which could lead to fire and explosion accident from the fault tree analysis are gived,and the oil and gas recovery system of fire and explosion accident tree and its dual success tree are constructed.Through the analysis of the minimum cut set of the accident tree and the path set of the dual success tree,fire and explosion accidents mode and fire and explosion accidents control mode of the oil and gas absorption recovery system in the oil depot are obtained,respectively.From the analysis of structure importance degree of the basic events,structure importance degree of minimal cut set and structure importance degree of the minimal radius set,the most direct and the most in need of controlling factors of oil and gas recovery system for fire and explosion accidents are ＂ the leakage of gasoline and oil gas in pipeline and the interface＂.Oil and gas recovery system for fire and explosion accident prevention and control is essential in safety requirements and safety management.

关 键 词：吸收法油气回收系统 危险分析与辨识 事故树分析 火灾爆炸事故模式 控制模式 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]