1-2-0分类方法在职业卫生监管中的应用  

作　　者：吴传安 薛志强 杨伟康 

机构地区：[1]深圳市宝安区民治卫生监督所,广东深圳518131

出　　处：《中国卫生监督杂志》2011年第6期536-540,共5页Chinese Journal of Health Inspection

基　　金：世界卫生组织合作项目(WP/2006/CHN/PHE/2.1/001/01.01)

摘　　要：目的探讨符合我国职业卫生监管实际的分类管理模式,为提高职业卫生监管工作质量和实行量化分级管理提供依据。方法运用风险管理和质量管理相关理论,评估用人单位职业危害风险大小,建立1-2-0分类监管模式。结果根据用人单位职业病危害综合风险大小,将综合风险值≥10的职业危害级别设为红色,列为1类监管企业(即职业病危害严重企业);5≤综合风险值<10的职业危害级别设为黄色,列为2类监管企业(即职业病危害一般企业);综合风险值<5的职业危害级别设为绿色,列为0类监管企业(即职业病危害轻微或无毒害企业)。然后对1类企业进行强化监督、限期整改、降低风险,对2类企业进行常规监管,对0类企业进行简化监管,借此提高监管工作效率和质量,解决监管人力不足的问题。结论 1-2-0分类方法是一种新型的职业卫生监管方法,因分类简单可行,对提高职业卫生监管效率和质量、降低职业危害事故的发生有重要的现实意义。Objective To explore a category management which is suitable to the occupational health regulation,improve the quality of occupational health supervision and provide the basis for quantitative classification management.Method Using the theories of risk management and quality management,we assessed the risk outcome of occupational hazards,then built up a 1-2-0 classification regulatory approach. Results According to the size of comprehensive risk on employer occupational hazards,we defined comprehensive risk size of occupational hazards≥10 as red,meaning type 1 regulated enterprise（that is serious occupational diseases enterprise）;defined 5≤comprehensive risk size of occupational hazards10 as yellow,meaning type 2 regulated enterprise（that is common occupational hazards enterprise）;defined comprehensive risk size of occupational hazards5 as green,meaning type 0 regulated enterprise（that is enterprise which own slight or no occupational hazards）.Then we took actions of strengthening supervision,rectification and reducing risk on type 1 regulated enterprise,routine monitoring on type 2 regulated enterprise while simplifying the supervision on type 0 regulated enterprise to improve the efficiency and quality of occupational health supervision,solve the problem of manpower shortage. Conclusions 1-2-0 classification is a new type occupational health regulation.Because of simplicity and feasibility,it means a lot in reality,which can effectively improve the efficiency and quality of occupational health supervision,reduce occupational hazard incidents.

关 键 词：职业危害 风险管理 管理质量 监管模式 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]