崇明岛河道治理中的生态护坡技术  

Ecological slope protection technique in managing Chongming Island river ways

作　　者：郭英燕[1] 李俊鹏[1] 褚华强[1] 张亚雷[1] 周雪飞[1] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学长江水环境教育部重点实验室,上海200092

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2012年第2期501-506,共6页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：上海市科委国际合作项目(10230712400);上海市科委科研计划项目(09dz1205100);国家"十二五"科技支撑项目(2012BAJ21B03)资助

摘　　要：生态护坡技术对于减弱河道生态系统中的河岸侵蚀及其水质保护至关重要。本研究以上海崇明岛瀛东村生态河道示范工程为例,探讨了以生态修复和稳定坡岸为目标的生态护坡技术在河道坡岸修复中的应用及其生态效应;将自主发明的生态护坡技术应用到工程实例,并进行了连续的生态监测。结果表明,护坡工程竣工后第2年采样点河道中段(A2)与村口桥(A4)的坡岸抗剪强度均值分别为62.0和63.5kPa,远大于原始护坡A1处37kPa的抗剪强度,土壤抗剪强度有明显增加,坡岸结构稳定性增强。河水水质经过护坡植物的净化得到较好改善;沿水流方向,总氮(TN)从2.95降到1.08mg·L-1,减少了63.4%;铵态氮(NH4+-N)从2.64降到1.02mg·L-1,减少了61.4%。同时,河岸生境得到改善,生物多样性增加,生态稳定性增强。Ecological slope protection technique is critical for mitigating riverbank erosion and protecting water quality in river ecosystems. Taking the ecological river demonstration project in Yingtung Village of Chongming Island as a case, this paper explored the practice and ecological effect of ecological slope protection technique with the aim of slope stabilization and ecological restoration. Our self-invented ecological slope protection technique was applied to the engineering practice, and a continuous ecological monitoring was conducted. After two years of the engineering practice, the mean riverbank shear strength at the sampling points at the middle of the river （A2） and at the entrance bridge of the Village （A4） was 62.0 and 63.5 kPa, respectively, far higher than that （37 kPa） at the original protection slope A1. The obvious increase of soil shear strength made the riverbank erosion mitigated sharply, and the riverbank structural stability enhanced. The water quality was improved due to plant purification. Along the flow direction, the total nitrogen content declined from 2.95 to 1.08 mg·L-1, with a decrement of 63.4%, and the ammonium content declined from 2.64 to 1.02 mg·L-1, with a decrement of 61.4%. In the meantime, the habitats of the riparian zone were under self-improvement, and the stability of the eco-riverbanks enhanced due to the high species diversity and multiple plant community structure.

关 键 词：生态护坡 生态效应 坡岸稳定性 崇明岛 

分 类 号：TV861[水利工程—水利水电工程] S157.2[农业科学—土壤学]