试析美国国会转向积极监督隐蔽行动的原因  

On the Factors why the U.S. Congress Turned to Oversee Covert Actions Actively in 1970's

作　　者：刘磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学历史学院,陕西西安710069

出　　处：《历史教学（下半月）》2012年第1期42-47,61,共7页History Teaching

基　　金：2011年度教育部人文社会科学研究西部和边疆地区青年基金项目"美国国会对隐蔽行动的监督研究"(项目批准号:11XJC770003)的阶段性成果之一

摘　　要：在越战和水门事件的影响下,美国国会权力开始复兴,国会监督隐蔽行动的外部政治环境随之发生了有利的变化;而现代国会的历次改革导致国会内部也发生了有利于国会监督的变化;再加上美国媒体等对中央情报局所从事的一系列非法隐蔽行动的揭露,使中央情报局及其隐蔽行动面临公众舆论的质疑和谴责。这些因素相互作用共同导致国会从20世纪70年代开始,日益重视并强化了其对隐蔽行动的监督。这表明在三权分立制衡的政治体制下,美国"府会权力"之争已深入到美国外交活动中最敏感、最隐秘的部分,为更好地理解"帝王般的总统"权力衰落的必然性提供了新视角。Under the influence of the Vietnam War and the Watergate scandal, the U.S. Congress＇ power began to rehabilitate, the external political environment of congressional oversight of covert actions changed favor of engaged favorably; Meanwhile, the successive reforms within the congress had led to changes in congressional oversight; Additionally, the U.S. media disclosed the fact that the CIA had in a series of illegal covert actions, as a result, the CIA and its covert actions had to faced the challenge of public opinion and condemnation. The interaction of these factors, together led to the Congress from 1970＇s a growing attention to and strengthen its oversight of covert operations. This indicates that, in the political system of checks and balances of U.S. separation of powers, the Congress and the President＇s power struggle has been deep into the most sensitive and innermost part of U.S. diplomatic activities, which provides a new perspective for better understanding the inevitability of the decline of the imperial presidential power.

关 键 词：美国国会 隐蔽行动 监督 

分 类 号：K712.54[历史地理—历史学]