1953—2010年信阳市麻疹流行演变趋势及特征  

Evolutionary trend and epidemiological characteristics of measles in Xinyang City from 1953-2010

作　　者：胡艳[1] 赵国华[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南省信阳市疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制科,464000

出　　处：《职业与健康》2012年第1期73-75,共3页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的通过对信阳市1953—2010年麻疹流行演变趋势和特征的分析,为2012年消除麻疹提供相关流行病学依据。方法对信阳市麻疹疫情资料和监测系统数据进行描述流行病学分析。结果 1953—2010年期间,信阳市麻疹年均发病率346.49/10万,年均病死率0.50%;发病率最高为1970年的2 946.95/10万,最低为2001年的0.68/10万。可分为自然流行期、麻疹疫苗普种初期、计划免疫时期、卫Ⅶ项目时期和消除麻疹时期。麻疹疫苗改变了麻疹的流行特点,流行强度不断降低,发病高峰后移,1997—2010年间3—7月发病数占总病例的62.15%;低龄婴幼儿和成人发病逐渐增多,近8年来分别占总发病数的30%和10%左右;高度散发和局部暴发流行相结合。结论应加强麻疹疫苗常规免疫和局部强化免疫工作;在育龄妇女中推广麻疹疫苗接种,保护初免前小月龄儿童;建立并完善入托、入学查验接种证制度;落实预防接种补助经费,提高基层业务人员的工作积极性;加大宣传力度,提高群众的防病意识。[Objective]Through the analysis of the evolutionary trend and the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Xinyang City during 1953-2010,to provide evidence for measles elimination in 2012. [Methods]The data about epidemic situation of measles and the data from the surveillance system were studied by descriptive epidemiology. [Results]During 1953-2010 the average annual incidence rate and the average annual mortality rate of measles was 346.49/100 000,0.50% respectively.The maximum of incidence rate was 2 946.95/100 000 in 1970 and the minimum was 0.68/100 000 in 2001.Disease process could be divided into the natural epidemic period,the early stage of measles immunization campaign,the planned immunization period,the period of Health Ⅶ project and the elimination period of measles.Measles vaccine changed the epidemiological characteristics of measles.The epidemic strength of measles decreased gradually and the peak incidence moved backward.The morbidity peak was March to July from 1997-2010.The proportion of measles incidence were 62.15%.The incidence in adult and infant were increased in the past 8 years,which occupied 30% and 10% of total incidence.Sporadic cases and local outbreaks were identified. [Conclusion]Routine immunization and supplementary vaccination of measles must be strengthened.And it is necessary to promote measles vaccination in women of childbearing age,to protect the infants without immunization,to establish and complete the institution the certifications of vaccination,to provide subsidies for measles vaccination,to improve the job enthusiasm of grass-roots workers,to increase propaganda for measles prevention,and to increase the people＇s awareness of disease prevention.

关 键 词：麻疹 流行病学 趋势 特征 分析 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]