上海市城区VOCs的年变化特征及其关键活性组分  被引量:114

Variation and key reactive species of ambient VOCs in the urban area of Shanghai,China

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作  者:陈长虹[1,2] 苏雷燕[2] 王红丽[1] 黄成[1] 李莉[1] 周敏[2] 乔月珍[2] 陈宜然[1] 陈明华[1] 黄海英[1] 张钢锋[1] 

机构地区:[1]上海市环境科学研究院,上海200233 [2]华东理工大学资源与环境工程学院,上海200237

出  处:《环境科学学报》2012年第2期367-376,共10页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基  金:公益性科研专项计划课题(No.201009001);环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室专项经费资助项目(No.11K05ESPCP);上海市科委资助项目(No.10231203802)~~

摘  要:2010年在上海市城区开展了为期一年的连续观测,采用自动在线GC-FID方法定量测试了大气中56个VOCs物种的浓度.结果发现,上海市城区大气VOCs的全年小时体积分数为(2.47~301.48)×10-9,平均体积分数为(26.45±23.36)×10-9,其中,烷烃占46.72%,芳香烃占33.18%,烯烃占11.33%,乙炔占8.76%.T/B(甲苯/苯)为3.51±2.40,表明气团除受机动车影响外,受溶剂、油气和LPG挥发等其他VOCs排放的影响也比较突出;E/E(乙烷/乙炔)为0.98±0.68,表明气团存在老化现象,且春冬季节气团光化学年龄相对较短,夏秋季节光化学年龄相对较长.VOCs的浓度水平和组成在不同风向风速影响下存在一定差异,西南部石化和化工企业排放的VOCs对城区的影响明显,其主要物种为芳香烃和烯烃;该地区气团的OH消耗速率常数(KOH)为8.05×10-12cm3.分子-1.s-1,平均VOCs最大O3增量反应活性(4.00mol.mol-1)与乙烯相当,平均反应活性较强;对OH消耗速率(LOH)贡献率最大的是烯烃(42.21%)和芳香烃(40.83%),对臭氧生成潜势(OFP)贡献率最大的是芳香烃(62.75%)和烯烃(21.70%),VOCs的关键活性组分是二甲苯、甲苯、乙苯、乙烯、丙烯、反-2-丁烯及异戊二烯.The ambient concentration of 56 VOCs species were measured continuously in the urban of Shanghai,China from Jan.1 to Dec.31,2010 by GC-FID instrument.The hourly mixing ratio of ambient VOCs in the urban of Shanghai is(2.47~301.48)×10-9,and the average mixing ratio is(26.45±23.36)×10-9.The major compositions of VOCs were alkanes,alkenes,aromatics,and acetylenes,accounting for 46.72%,33.18%,11.33%,and 8.76% of the total VOCs,respectively.The ratios of T/B(toluene/benzene) was found at the level of 3.51±2.40,indicating that vehicles were not the only source of ambient VOCs.Others sources,e.g.solvent use,evaporation of gasoline and LPG,made large contribution to VOCs as well.The ratio of E/E(ethane/ethyne) was 0.98±0.68,indicating that the plumes were aged.According to the ratio of E/C(ethyne/CO),the plumes were fresh in spring and winter,and photochemical ages were relatively long in summer and autumn.The constant of ambient VOCs radical loss rate(KOH) was 8.05×10-12cm3 · molecule-1 · s-1 and the maximum O3 incremental reactivity(MIR) was 4.00 mol · mol-1,which stated that the chemical reactivity of ambient air in urban Shanghai was similar as ethylene.The mixing ratio and composition of VOCs varied with wind direction and wind speed,as a result of different locations of VOCs emission sources.For the OH radical loss rate(LOH),the alkenes and aromatics were the most important contributors,and accounted for 42.21% and 40.83%,respectively.In the case of ozone formation potential(OFP),the alkenes and aromatics accounted for 21.70% and 62.75%,respectively.The key reactive species were xylene,toluene,ethylbenzene,ethylene,propylene,trans-2-butene,and isoprene.

关 键 词:挥发性有机物 体积分数 化学反应活性 OH消耗速率 臭氧生成潜势 

分 类 号:X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]

 

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