古尔班通古特沙漠地区寄生蜱区系考察及种类组成分析  

The Investigation and Analysis of the Species Composition of Geographical Distribution of Parasitic Ticks in the Gurbantonggut Desert

作　　者：王开胜[1,2] 刘勇 盛涛 刘国庆 韩成鹏[1] 孙耀强[1] 刘继荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学动物科技学院,石河子832003 [2]石河子大学科技处,石河子832003 [3]安集海兽医站,沙湾县832116 [4]新疆兵团农七师129团,克拉玛依834032

出　　处：《石河子大学学报（自然科学版）》2011年第5期575-578,共4页Journal of Shihezi University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31060339);石河子大学科学技术研究发展计划项目(ZRKX2009YB02)

摘　　要：为了掌握古尔班通古特沙漠地区家畜体表寄生蜱的物种多样性及群落组成情况,对该地区6个生境点的寄生蜱类进行了区系考察,运用生态学中相对优势度、优势度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数对蜱的种类组成进行分析。结果显示:从6个生境点的36只绵羊、25只山羊、2只盘羊和15头牛的体表共检获蜱2078只,其分属4个属,即璃眼蜱属(Hyalomama detritum)、革蜱属(Dermacentor)、扇头蜱属(Rhipicephalus)和血蜱属(Haemaphysalis),9个种,即亚洲璃眼蜱(Hyalomama asiaticum asiaticum)、亚东璃眼蜱(Hyalomama asiaticam)、嗜驼璃眼蜱(Hyalomama dromedar-ii)、残缘璃眼蜱(Hyalomama detritum detritum)、盾糙璃眼蜱(Hyalomama scuperse)、草原革蜱(Dermacentor nuttalli)、银盾革蜱(Dermacentor niveus)、具沟血蜱(Haemaphysalis sulcata)和短小扇头蜱(Rhipicephalus pumilio),其中,亚洲璃眼蜱、残缘璃眼蜱、亚东璃眼蜱和银盾革蜱为优势种,其相对优势度分别为29.50%、19.16%、18.33%和16.65%;山羊体表寄生蜱的优势度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数均高于绵羊、牛。结论:古尔班通古特沙漠地区牛羊体表寄生蜱有9种,优势种有4个,其中山羊体表寄生蜱的群落结构最丰富。To hold the composition structure and species diversity of the parasitic ticks,the animals of 6 investigable places were investigated.By using relative dominance（RDE）,richness index（D）,diversiy index（H′） and evenness index（J′） on biodiversity,the analysis of the composition of the ticks in the zone was done.The result showed that 2078 ticks were obtained from the body surfales of 36 sheep,25 goats,2 ovis ammon and 15 cows,and they includes 4 genera which are Hyalomama detritum,Dermacentor,Rhipicephalus,Haemaphysalis,and 9 species which are Hyalomama asiaticum asiaticum,Hyalomama asiaticam,Hyalomama dromedarii,Hyalomama detritum detritum,Hyalomama scuperse,Dermacentor nuttalli,Dermacentor niveus,Haemaphysalis sulcata,Rhipicephalus pumilio.Among the 9 species,Hyalomama asiaticum asiaticum,Hyalomama detritum detritum,Hyalomama asiaticam and Dermacentor niveus are the dominant species,whose relative dominance are 29.50%,19.16%,18.33% and 16.65% respectively.The richness index,diversiy index and evenness index of ticks from the goats are higher than those from the sheep and cows.The conclusion is that the ticks in the body surfaces of animals have 9 species,and four of which are relative dominance.And the tick community structure of the goats is the richest.

关 键 词：寄生蜱 群落结构 优势种 

分 类 号：S823.5[农业科学—畜牧学]