海涂互花米草与水稻远缘杂交种质资源发掘与创新(Ⅳ)  

Exploration and Innovation of Distant Hybridization Germplasm of Oryza sativa × Spartina alterniflora in Tideland

作　　者：陈启康[1,2] 田曾元[3] 沙文锋[1,2] 顾拥建[1,2] 戴晖[1,2] 朱娟[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 [2]南通市羊业产业化协会,江苏如皋薛窑226541 [3]郑州大学生物工程系,河南郑州450052

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2011年第36期22251-22253,共3页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：2011年国家自然科学基金项目(31072064);2011年江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目;探索性研究项目配套资助(TCX(11)4133;CX(11)4060)

摘　　要：[目的]发掘互花米草耐盐、水稻高产种质资源,创制海涂粮饲兼用耐盐水稻新种质。[方法]于2009～2011年开展海涂互花米草与水稻远缘杂交研究,采用海涂互花米草与水稻属间远缘杂交育种方法,同时采用四选一突破结合技术——海涂种植筛选、细胞学检测筛选、回交表型筛选、分子标记辅助筛选结合技术,寻找海涂粮饲兼用耐盐水稻新种质。[结果]2009～2010年实际远缘杂交成功率为1.39%。7C14、中香1号2种水稻母本与互花米草(H)父本远缘杂交材料进行RAPD分子鉴定,发现RH-1-10K205-7C14×H、RH-2-8K157-7C14×H、RH-13-9H5-中香1号×H具有与互花米草亲本相同的条带,而同时在水稻亲本中缺失的情形,表明以上远缘杂交种具有互花米草亲本遗传成分;水稻7K339母本与互花米草父本远缘杂交材料经RAPD分子鉴定,杂交种RH-5-10K215、RH-6-8K48、RH-12-9H9、RH-14-9H8、RH-16-9H28具有与互花米草亲本相同的条带,而同时在水稻亲本中缺失的情形,表明以上远缘杂交种具有互花米草亲本遗传成分。其余杂交种与互花米草亲本和水稻亲本也存在不同程度的变异。[结论]育出耐盐优质饲料稻新品种,不但解决了沿海开发、盐碱地治理中急需解决的耐盐作物品种问题,而且解决了草食动物精粗饲料问题,同时对于资源利用、农业增效、粮食安全、耕地战略等方面有着重要的科学意义,具有广阔的应用前景。[ Objective ] The study aimed to explore the germplasm resource of Oryza sativa with the salt tolerance and Spartina alterniflora with the high yield and innovate the new germplasm of salt tolerant foodstuff rice in the tideland. [ Method] In 2009 - 2011, the study on the distant hybridization germplasm of O. sativa x S. alterniflora in tideland was conducted by using the breeding method of intergeueric distant hybridization between O. sativa and S. alterniflora in the tideland, and by using a combined screening technology of planting screening, cytological examination screening, back cross phenotype screening and molecular marker assisted screening, so as to seek for the new germplasm of salt tolerant foodstuff rice in the tideland. [ Result] The success rate of the actual distant hybridization was 1.39% in 2009 -2010. When the distant hybridization materials between 2 kinds of rice female parents including 7C14 and Zhongtian 1 and the male parent O. sativa （H）were made for the RAPD molecular identification, it was found that RH-l-10K205-7C14 x H, RH-2-8K157-7C14 x H, RH-13-9H5-Zhongxiang 1 x H had a strip same with O. sativa parent, and at the same time the deficiency in the rice parent showed that the above distant hybrids had the genetic component of O. sativa parent. Other distant hybrids also had the variation with the rice parents and 0. sativa parent to different degree. [ Conclusion] Breeding the new feed rice varieties with salt tolerance and good quality could not only solve the problems of the salt tolerant crop varieties needed in the coastal development and management of saline-alkali land, but also solve the problems of the fine-coarse feed of herbivorous animal, which had the important scientific significance for the resources utilization, the efficiency of agriculture, the food securi- ty and cultivated land strategy etc. , showing a wide application prospects.

关 键 词：互花米草/水稻 远缘杂交 新种质创制 

分 类 号：S334[农业科学—作物遗传育种]