Retinoid X receptor activities of source waters in China and their removal efficiencies during drinking water treatment processes  

作　　者：JIANG WeiWei YAN Ye LI Na MA Mei WANG DongHong RAO KaiFeng WANG ZiJian SATYANARAYANAN Senthi Kumaran 

机构地区：[1]State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China [2]Unit of Toxicology,Bharathiar University,Coimbatore 641046,India

出　　处：《Chinese Science Bulletin》2012年第6期595-600,共6页

基　　金：supported by the Environmental Protection National Commonweal Research Project (200909040);International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Projects by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2009DFA91920)

摘　　要：There is increasing evidence of estrogenic activities of source waters and drinking waters in China based on estrogen receptors(ERs) testing.However,relating such activities to retinoid X receptors(RXRs) in both drinking and source waters are lacking.To rectify this situation,we assessed 23 source water samples from six major river systems in China.We also collected samples at various stages of water processing from three drinking water treatment plants(DWTPs) using a two-hybrid RXR yeast assay with and without metabolism.No RXR agonistic activity was observed,but significant antagonistic activity was detected in all sample extracts.The RXR antagonistic activities of source water sample extracts ranged from 15.2% to 57.8% without metabolism and 11.5% to 68.3% with metabolism,respectively.In the drinking water treatment processes,RXR antagonistic activities without metabolism and with metabolism of up to 31.4% and 37.5% were removed,respectively.Nevertheless,the remaining RXR antagonists in treated drinking water from these source waters could still be harmful to human health.To the best of our knowledge,the occurrence of in vitro RXR disruption activities in source and drinking water has not been previously reported in China.Therefore,an attempt was made to conduct detailed studies investigating RXR disrupting activities and their possible risks in source and drinking water.There is increasing evidence of estrogenic activities of source waters and drinking waters in China based on estrogen receptors （ERs） testing. However, relating such activities to retinoid X receptors （RXRs） in both drinking and source waters are lacking. To rectify this situation, we assessed 23 source water samples from six major river systems in China. We also collected samples at various stages of water processing from three drinking water treatment plants （DWTPs） using a two-hybrid RXR yeast assay with and without metabolism. No RXR agonistic activity was observed, but significant antagonistic activity was detected in all sample extracts. The RXR antagonistic activities of source water sample extracts ranged from 15.2% to 57.8% without metabolism and 11.5% to 68.3% with metabolism, respectively. In the drinking water treatment processes, RXR antagonistic activities without metabolism and with metabolism of up to 31.4% and 37.5% were removed, respectively. Nevertheless, the remaining RXR an- tagonists in treated drinking water from these source waters could still be harmful to human health. To the best of our knowledge, the occurrence of in vitro RXR disruption activities in source and drinking water has not been previously reported in China. Therefore, an attempt was made to conduct detailed studies investigating RXR disrupting activities and their possible risks in source and drinking water.

关 键 词：雌激素受体 水处理过程 饮用水 维甲酸 中国 水域 去除率 新陈代谢 

分 类 号：TU991.2[建筑科学—市政工程] Q579.13[生物学—生物化学]