约瑟夫·奈的软实力理论评析  

Analysis of Joseph Nye's Soft Power Theory

作　　者：李琳[1] 洪晓楠[1] 

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学人文与社会科学学部,辽宁大连116024

出　　处：《大连理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2011年第4期88-93,共6页Journal of Dalian University of Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(09BZX003);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划(NCET-07-0129)

摘　　要：软实力概念最早是由美国学者约瑟夫·奈教授提出的。软实力是国家综合国力的重要组成部分。因此,需要理清软实力理论发展的过程,明确其理论形成和发展的主要阶段。按照约瑟夫.奈的观点,软实力是文化、政治价值观和外交政策的吸引力。一个国家的综合国力不但要依靠经济和军事等硬实力还要依靠文化的吸引力、政治价值观的感召力和外交政策的影响力等表现出来。软实力理论的提出最初是为维护美国的霸权,但该理论的提出也克服了过于依赖物质权力来界定国家权力的片面性,也为其他国家软实力的发展提供了借鉴。同时,软实力理论由于过于宽泛,没有明确的衡量标准;难以分清软实力和硬实力的相互关系;具有内部矛盾性等局限性。The soft power theory was firstly proposed by the US scholar Joseph Nye.Now soft power is the most popular topic and the major component of the comprehensive national power.It is necessary to know the process of the development of the soft power theory and to summarize the main stages of the form and development of the theory.According to Nye＇s opinion,soft power is the attraction of culture,political values and international policies.The comprehensive national power not only relies on hard power,such as the economy and military,but also depends on the attraction of culture,the emotional appeal of political values and the effects of international policies.The soft power theory was firstly raised to maintain the hegemonism of the US.But then it was applied for getting rid of one sidedness of the determination on the national power and helping the development of soft power of other countries.Meanwhile,the theory is too general and lacks obvious evaluation criterion,as it is hard to differentiate soft power from hard power and there are several limitations,such as internal contradictories.

关 键 词：约瑟夫·奈 软实力 硬实力 软实力理论 

分 类 号：G02[文化科学]