不同有机肥量对旱地玉米光合特性和产量的影响  

Effects of organic fertilizer application rate on leaf photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of dryland maize

作　　者：王晓娟[1,2] 贾志宽[1,2] 梁连友[3] 丁瑞霞[1,2] 王敏[1,2] 李涵[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]农业部西北黄土高原作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2012年第2期419-425,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD29B09;2011AA1005A4);陕西省科技创新项目(2010NKC-03;2011NXC01-16)资助

摘　　要：在渭北旱塬合阳试验基地进行了4年的旱地有机培肥试验,研究不同有机肥施用量对旱地玉米光合特性和产量的影响.结果表明:与单施化肥相比,施有机肥处理的玉米各生育时期的叶片光合速率和气孔导度显著增大,胞间CO2浓度显著减小;随着有机肥施用量的增加,玉米叶片各生育时期的叶片光合速率和气孔导度逐渐增大,胞间CO2浓度逐渐减小.玉米各生育时期的光合作用主要受非气孔因素限制,施用有机肥显著降低了非气孔因素对光合的限制.连续4年施用有机肥,改善了土壤养分状况,使养分不再是玉米光合速率和产量的主要限制因子.A 4-year field experiment was conducted at the Heyang Research Station in Weibei dryland to study the effects of organic fertilizer application rate on the leaf photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of dryland maize.Comparing with applying chemical fertilizer,applying organic fertilizer increased the leaf photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance,but decreased the leaf intercellular CO2 concentration at each growth stage of maize significantly.With the increasing application rate of organic fertilizer,the leaf photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance at each growth stage of maize had a gradual increase,while the leaf intercellular CO2 concentration had a gradual decrease.The leaf photosynthesis of maize at each growth stage was controlled by non-stomatal factors,and the application of organic fertilizer reduced the non-stomatal limitation on the photosynthesis performance significantly.The 4-year application of organic fertilizer improved soil nutrient status,and soil nutrients were no longer the main factors limiting the leaf photosynthetic rate and grain yield of maize.

关 键 词：旱地玉米 有机肥 光合特性 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]