叠合盆地油气藏形成、演化与预测评价  

Hydrocarbon Reservoirs Formation,Evolution,Prediction and Evaluation in the Superimposed Basins

作　　者：庞雄奇[1,2] 周新源 姜振学[1,2] 王招明 李素梅[1,2] 田军 向才富[1,2] 杨海军[3] 陈冬霞[1,2] 杨文静 庞宏[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学油气资源与探测国家重点实验室,北京102249 [2]中国石油大学盆地与油藏研究中心,北京102249 [3]中国石油塔里木油田分公司,新疆841000

出　　处：《地质学报》2012年第1期1-103,共103页Acta Geologica Sinica

基　　金：国家基础研究发展规划(973)项目(编号2006CB202308)资助的成果

摘　　要：中国西部叠合盆地经历了多期构造变动和多旋回的油气成藏作用,油气成藏之后经历了后期构造变动的调整、改造和破坏,分布规律十分复杂。研究叠合盆地油气藏的形成、演化和分布对于提高叠合盆地油气勘探成效具有重要的指导意义。叠合盆地系指不同时期形成的不同类型的沉积盆地或沉积地层在同一地理位置上的叠加和复合。它们具有地层沉积不连续、地层构造不连续和地层应力应变作用不连续等三大判别标志。依据构造剖面上沉积地层年代的关联性将叠合盆地分为连续沉积型、中晚叠合型、早晚叠合型、早中叠合型和长期暴露型等五种类型。叠合盆地复杂的构造过程产生了多种类型的复杂油气藏。三种地质作用(剥蚀、断裂和褶皱)使区域盖层受到破坏,六种微观机制(渗漏、扩散、溢散、氧化、降解和裂解)导致了油气损耗。它们的联合作用形成了原成型、圈闭调整型、组份变异型、相态转换型和规模改造型等五种类型的复杂油气藏。叠合盆地功能要素组合控制着油气藏的形成和分布,主要的功能要素包括有烃源灶(S)、古隆起(M)、沉积相(D)、区域盖层(C)、断裂带(F)和低势区(P)等,它们在纵向上的有序组合(C/D/M/S)控制着有利的成藏层位;在平面上的叠加复合(C∩D∩M∩S)控制着有利的成藏范围;在时间上的同时联合(TC=TD=TM=TS)控制着有利的成藏期次(T)。叠合盆地后期构造过程的叠加复合导致了早期油气藏的调整、改造和破坏。构造过程叠加改造油气藏的基本地质模式是:强强叠加破坏、强弱叠加改造、弱弱叠加保护。构造变动破坏烃量受构造变动强度、构造变动次数、构造变动次序、区域盖层封油气能力和原始聚油气量等五方面因素的控制,建立了构造变动破坏烃量和剩余资源潜力与各主控因素之间的定量关系模式,为叠合盆地构造变动�Multi-stages tectonic events and hydrocarbon accumulation happened and multi-stages adjustment, reconstruction and destruction happened after origin hydrocarbon reservoirs formation because of the tectonic events, the hydrocarbon distribution rule is very complex in the superimposed basin, Western China,. It is of great significance to improve the exploration effects of superimposed basin by studying the hydrocarbon reservoirs formation, evolution and distribution. Superimposed basin refers to the different types of sedimentary basin or strata superimposed and composited at the same geographical position at different time. There are three landmark characteristics, which are stratigraphic sedimentary discontinuous, stratigraphic structure discontinuous and stratigraphic tectonic stress and strain discontinuous. Based on the sedimentary chronologic age, superimposed basin can be divided into five types, which includes successive sedimentation, superimposition of sedimentation at middle and late stage, superimposition of sedimentation at early and late stage, superimposition of sedimentation at early and middle stage and long-term, exposition. There are many types of complex hydrocarbon reservoirs formed because of complex tectonic movements in superimposed baisn. Three geological functions （denudation, faults and folds） destroyed the regional caprocks, six types of micro-mechanism led the hydrocarbon loss, which are leakage, diffusion, effusion, oxidation, degradation and cracking. Their combination formed five types of complex hydrocarbon reservoirs, which includes origin, trap adjustment, component variation, phase transformation, and scale reconstruction. Functional elements combination controls the hydrocarbon reservoirs formation and distribution in superimposed basin. The functional elements mainly include; source （S）, palaeo-mountain （M）, deposition （D）, caprock （C）, Fault belts （F） and I.ow potential zones （P）. They not only can be described objectively, and also characterized qu

关 键 词：叠合盆地 复杂油气藏 功能要素匹配成藏 构造过程叠加改造 晚期相势源复合定位 晚期成藏效应 

分 类 号：P618.13[天文地球—矿床学]