未铺装道路扬尘排放特征研究  

Emission Characteristics of Fugitive Dust from Unpaved Roads

作　　者：樊守彬[1,2] 田刚[1] 程水源[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京市环境保护科学研究院,北京100037 [2]北京工业大学环境与能源工程学院,北京100124

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2012年第2期106-109,126,共5页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家环保公益性行业科研专项(200709030);北京市科技计划项目(D09040903670801)

摘　　要：在未铺装道路下风向不同高度测量PM10浓度和风速风向,同时测量上风向PM10浓度,采用暴露高度浓度剖面法计算未铺装道路的扬尘排放量,同时现场记录通过车辆的类型、车速、车轮个数等信息,计算未铺装道路扬尘PM10排放因子。分别分析车辆类型、车辆重量、车轮个数、路面粉土含量、车辆行驶速度对排放因子的影响。结果表明,大货车的排放因子最大,为362 g(/km.辆),其次为小客车、小货车和机动三轮车,分别为112、105和67 g(/km.辆);随着车辆重量的增加排放因子增大并呈线形相关性;随着车辆平均车轮个数的增加排放因子增大并呈线形相关性;分别研究了大货车、小客车和小货车排放因子与车速的关系,随着车速的增加,3种类型车辆的排放因子都增大,并有较好的线形相关性;路面尘土中粉土含量增大,道路扬尘排放因子也增大,路面尘土湿度增加排放因子减小。By measuring PM10 concentration and wind velocity/direction of different heights at downwind of unpaved road and PM10 concentration of upwind,exposure profiling method was used to calculate the emission quantity of PM10 emission from unpaved road.PM10 emission factors were calculated with the recorded data of traffic volume.Influence of vehicles types,vehicles weight,tire number,silt content,traffic speed and road surface moisture content to the emission factor was analyzed.Results indicated that emission factors of truck,car,light van and cycle car were 362,112,105 and 67g/VKT（vehicle-kilometer-traveled）respectively.Emission factors were positive correlated with traffic weight and tire number as well as with vehicles speed.With the silt content of road surface material increased PM10 emission factor increased with linear relationship.The emission factor was negatively correlated with road surface moisture content.

关 键 词：车辆特征 车速 未铺装道路 扬尘 排放因子 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]