深海沉积物分类与命名的关键技术和方案  

Key Technique and Scheme of Classification and Nomenclature for Deep Sea Sediments

作　　者：张富元[1] 章伟艳[1] 张霄宇[2] 冯秀丽[3] 林霖[3] 朱克超[4] 陈奎英[5] 孟翊[6] 冯旭文[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局第二海洋研究所,国家海洋局海底科学重点实验室,浙江杭州310012 [2]浙江大学地球科学系,浙江杭州310012 [3]中国海洋大学海洋地球科学学院,山东青岛266003 [4]广州海洋地质调查局,广东广州510706 [5]国家海洋局国家海洋信息中心,天津300171 [6]华东师范大学河口海岸研究所,上海200062

出　　处：《地球科学（中国地质大学学报）》2012年第1期93-104,共12页Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences

基　　金：国家科学技术部科技基础性工作专项(No.2006FY220400);中国大洋协会(No.DYXM125-01-01-06);国家海洋局海洋二所基本科研专项(No.JG1108);国家自然科学基金项目(Nos.41076036,41106050);浙江省教育厅资助项目(No.N20100420)

摘　　要：对地质研究的对象进行科学合理的分类,是地学研究的重要内容之一.为建立科学合理、量化统一、操作简便的深海沉积物分类与命名方案,详细分析国内外深海沉积物分类与命名现状,深刻了解海洋沉积物组成与分布,深入研究深海沉积物的水深、平均粒径和粘土含量3项参数指标,通过分析涂片鉴定粘土、钙质生物、硅质生物这三者的含量、粒度和化学分析之间的差异,建立钙质生物、硅质生物与CaCO3、生物SiO2的量化关系,完成沉降法和激光法粒度分析资料的对比和校正,分析深海沉积物分类与命名的兼容性和可比性.在上述研究成果基础上,自主创新提出深海沉积物分类与命名方案及其关键技术.深海沉积物类型简分法把深海沉积物分为深海粘土、钙质软泥、硅质软泥、粘土-硅质-钙质软泥4类,它能满足一般性海洋地质调查要求,达到基本了解深海沉积物类型的目的,在兼容世界深海沉积物类型现状的同时,充分考虑到混合沉积物的存在.深海沉积物类型细分法在简分法基础上细分了16种沉积物,使分类与命名更加详细和全面,满足海洋地质详细调查研究的要求.深海沉积物分类与命名方案与浅海沉积物分类与命名比较,在图形、类型指标、种类数量、冠字冠名法、混合沉积物表示法、可操作性等方面具有可比性,使浅海到深海的沉积物分类与命名呈渐变和有机联系.Scientific classification of the geological objects is one of the most important basic research topics in geology.In this paper,thorough review of current research situation is made to establish the classification and nomenclature of deep sea sediments which unify the quantification and can be easily operated.Researches on various topics were conducted,eg.,the composition and distribution of oceanic sediments,the relationship between water depth,average grain size and clay content,the discrepancy of clay,calcareous and siliceous content determination between smear and chemical analysis.The authors establish the quantitative relationship between calcareous and CaCO3,between siliceous and biogenic SiO2.This paper also compares and calibrates sedimentation method and laser method for grain size determination,and discusses generality and comparability of the classification and nomenclature system.Innovative key technique and scheme of classification and nomenclature for deep sea sediments were then put forward.The deep sea sediments are classified as deep sea clay,calcareous ooze,siliceous ooze,and clay-siliceous-calcareous ooze according to the simple classification method.The simple classification satisfies the general requirement of marine geological survey and basic understanding of sediment types.This method considers existing sediments mixture and existing classification methods.The deep sea sediments are further classified into 16 sub-types based on the sophisticated classification method,which therefore gives more detailed and comprehensive descriptions for the deep sea sediments and satisfies the requirement for comprehensive marine investigation.The classification and nomenclature for deep sea sediments are comparable with that for shallow sea sediments on diagram,indices,amount of types,naming methods,representation of mixture sediments and operability.Therefore,the classification and nomenclature for deep sea sediments is designed to be a succession of shallow sea sediments classification.

关 键 词：深海 沉积物 分类与命名 参数指标 关键技术和方案 海洋地质 

分 类 号：P731[天文地球—海洋科学]