丹江口库区宋湾旧石器地点发掘简报  

A Preliminary Report on the Excavation of the Songwan Paleolithic Locality in the Danjingkou Reservoir Region

作　　者：牛东伟[1,2] 马宁[1] 裴树文[1] 彭菲[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,人类演化实验室,北京100044 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《人类学学报》2012年第1期11-23,共13页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA05130203);科技部国际合作重点项目(2009DFB20580);国家基础科学人才培养基金(J0630965)资助

摘　　要：丹江口库区宋湾旧石器地点位于河南省淅川县盛湾镇宋湾村三组,埋藏于丹江右岸第三级基座阶地的红色黏土层中。2009年3～4月对该地点进行抢救性发掘,揭露面积800m2,出土石制品353件。石制品包括石器、石核、石片类和断块等。古人类选择阶地底部河卵石为原料进行剥片和加工石器;硬锤锤击法为剥片的主要技术;石制品总体以小型和中型居多;石器主要以石片为毛坯,刮削器是主要类型;石器多由古人类在石片的两侧采用锤击法加工而成。石制品特点显示中国南方砾石工业的面貌,同时石制品组合中出现了小型刮削器和石片等北方石片工业的元素。地貌和地层对比显示该地点形成于中更新世。The Songwan Paleolithic locality,buried in the third terrace of the right bank of the Danjiang River,is located in the Songwan village,Shengwan town,Xichuan County,Henan Province.The locality was excavated from March 12 to April 24,2009,scientists from the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology（Chinese Academy of Sciences）,as a salvageable archaeological project due to the construction of the Dangjiangkou reservoir dam at a higher latitude.The excavation exposed an area of about 800m2.Four stratigraphic layers of the third terrace were identified at the site,with the total thickness of more than 10 meters.Archaeological materials were mainly unearthed from the 2nd and 3rd layers,two layers of brown-red clay and red silty clay（or latosol）,5.5~7.5 m in thickness,about 10-15m above the Dangjiangkou reservoir water-level in April 2009.A total of 353 stone artifacts and many of cobbles were unearthed.The stone assemblage includes cores（N=24）,flakes（187）,chunks（132） and retouched tools（10）.The general features of these artifacts are summarized as follows： 1） Lithic raw materials exploited at the locality were locally available from ancient riverbeds.Quartzite was the predominant raw material（98.87%） used for stone artifacts.2） The principal flaking technique was direct hammer percussion without core preparation.There was a high percentage（70.18%） of type III and VI flakes.3） Most stone artifacts（95.07%） were small or medium in size.4） Most blanks for tool fabrication were flakes.Only three retouched tool classes were identified,specifically scrapers,choppers,and points.5） Modified tools appeared to be simply retouched by direct hammer percussion,mostly bificially retouched on the one end of the blank.It can be inferred from the excavation that the stone assemblage of the site shows close relationship with the Pebble Tool Industry（Main Industry） in South China,but bears the characteristics of the Flake Tool Industry of North China.Geomorphological a

关 键 词：中更新世 石制品 宋湾 丹江口库区 

分 类 号：K871.11[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]