土壤水非均匀流动的碘-淀粉染色示踪研究  

Study On Preferential Soil Water Flow Using Iodine-starch Staining Method

作　　者：盛丰[1,2] 方妍 

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学水利学院,长沙410114 [2]水沙科学与水灾害防治湖南省重点实验室,长沙410114 [3]湖南新华水利电力有限公司,长沙410007

出　　处：《土壤》2012年第1期144-148,共5页Soils

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51109017);湖南省教育厅优秀青年项目(10B006);港口与航道工程湖南省重点学科开放基金项目资助

摘　　要：在壤土和粉质黏土条件下采用碘-淀粉染色示踪方法分别开展了6个和4个不同土壤初始含水率和入渗水量的示踪试验,通过分析入渗深度和染色面积分布模式来研究入渗条件(土壤初始含水率、入渗水量和土壤质地)对土壤水非均匀流动特征的影响。研究表明:①土壤初始含水率升高时,土壤水入渗深度增大,但土壤初始含水率对染色面积分布模式无明显影响;②土壤水入渗深度随入渗水量的增大而增大,但入渗水量的增大对土壤水入渗深度增大的影响有限;③当入渗水量较小时,土壤水流运动以优先流为主;随着入渗水量的增大,土壤水流运动逐渐转变成以基质流为主的流动形态;④土壤水在细质地土壤(粉质黏土)中运动具有更高的非均匀程度,非均匀流通道总宽度较窄。A total of 10 iodine-starch staining experiments with different initial soil water contents and infiltration amounts were conducted in loam （6 plots in total） and silty clay （4 plots in total）. The infiltration depth and distribution pattern of dye-stained region were measured and calculated to study the impacts of infiltration backgrounds （i.e. initial soil water content, infiltration amount, and soil texture） on preferential soil water flow. This results indicated that, （1） a higher initial soil water content tended to raake a larger maximum infiltration depth, while the initial soil water content displayed no obvious impacts on the distribution pattern of dye-stained region. （2） The maximum infiltration depth increased with the increment of infiltration amount, but the impact of the increment of infiltration amount on the increment of the maximum infiltration depth was not unlimited. （3） As the infiltration amount increases, the flow pattern transferred from the flow pattern dominated by the preferential flow to the flow pattern dominated by the matrix flow. （4） The soil water flow in the finer-textured soil （silty clay in this researeh） was more heterogeneous when under the same infiltration amount and initial soil water content, and the total area of the flow paths was narrower in the finer-textured soil.

关 键 词：碘-淀粉染色示踪试验 土壤水 优先流 入渗 非均匀 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]