桑树染色体加倍后桑叶和桑果的部分品质性状变化  

Variation of Several Mulberry Leaf and Fruit Quality Characters of Mulberry Tree After Chromosome Doubling

作　　者：王茜龄[1] 余茂德[1] 李镇刚[1] 金筱耘[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学生物技术学院,重庆400716

出　　处：《蚕业科学》2012年第1期14-17,共4页ACTA SERICOLOGICA SINICA

基　　金：重庆市蚕桑重大科技专项项目(No.CSTC;2009AA1024);重庆市自然科学基金项目(No.CSTC;2010BB1124)

摘　　要：为了明确多倍体育种对果叶兼用桑树品质性状的改良作用,测定了四倍体果叶兼用桑树新品种嘉陵30号及其二倍体亲本中桑5801桑叶和桑果的部分品质性状成绩。与二倍体亲本比较,四倍体品种嘉陵30号成熟叶片干物中的粗蛋白含量增加2.90个百分点、可溶性糖含量增加1.34个百分点,桑叶用于家蚕饲养的万蚕产茧量提高6.2%、万蚕茧层量提高4.7%,果用品质中的鲜果榨汁率增加6.3个百分点、糖度增加1.5～2.0个百分点,且桑籽的可育性降低。同时检测6个人工诱导四倍体桑树育种材料桑叶中的可溶性蛋白含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性均较二倍体亲本提高。由此表明,染色体加倍后桑树的部分生理代谢活性增强,多倍体果叶兼用桑树品种的桑果和桑叶品质都有不同程度改善,其经济价值提高。In order to have a clear view on the effect of polyploidy breeding in improving quality characters of leaf and fruit dual-purpose mulberry variety,several mulberry leaf and fruit quality characters of the tetraploid new mulberry variety Jialing 30 of leaf and fruit dual purposes and its diploid parental mulberry variety Zhongsang 5801 were determined.Compared with its diploid parent,the content of crude protein in dry matter of mature leaves in the tetraploid variety Jialing 30 increased by 2.90 percentage points,and the content of soluble sugar increased by 1.34 percentage points.Cocoon yield per 10 000 larvae fed with leaves of Jialing 30 increased by 6.2%,and cocoon shell weight per 10 000 larvae increased by 4.7%.As of fruit quality,the juice rate and sugar content in fresh fruit increased by 6.3 and 1.5~2.0 percentage points respectively,while fertility of the seeds decreased.Besides,soluble protein content,superoxide dismutase（SOD） activity,and peroxidase（POD） activity of 6 artificially induced tetraploid mulberry breeding materials were all found to be higher than those in their diploid parents.These results suggest that certain physiological metabolic activities in mulberry are enhanced after chromosome doubling,and mulberry fruit and leaf quality as well as its economic value of the leaf and fruit dual-purpose mulberry variety are also improved in various degrees.

关 键 词：桑树 多倍体 品质性状 桑叶 桑果 

分 类 号：S888[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]