清代志桩及黄河“水报”制度运作初探——以陕州万锦滩为例  

Research on the Establishment of Water Gauge Station and the Operation of the Flood Warning on Yellow River during Qing Dynasty:For Wanjintan in Shan Zhou as an Example

作　　者：庄宏忠[1] 潘威[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学西北历史环境与经济社会发展研究院

出　　处：《清史研究》2012年第1期87-99,共13页The Qing History Journal

基　　金：陕西师范大学研究生培养创新基金资助项目"清政府黄河汛期洪水报汛预警运作研究"(2011CXS011)成果之一

摘　　要：清代以来,黄河河患频仍,政府出于保护漕粮运道和维护政治秩序的考虑,以合法继承者的姿态积极应对洪水风险造成的影响,希求掌控辖境内水文环境信息,以便实现有效的管理。清政府在沿黄河等堤岸滩坝工程之上普遍设立了志桩,用来观测洪水水位涨落尺寸等水势情况。上游部分志桩所测水情信息通过国家驿传体系传递至下游,并最终以奏报的形式递至中央。本文考察了清代志桩的设立情况,并通过万锦滩志桩的设立过程、制度规定,以及相关河印官员在"水报"中的配置和作用,对清代志桩"水报"制度的运作过程进行初步研究。Many water gauge stations,which were used to read and record the water levels during the flood season,had generally set on projects along Yellow River,Grand canal and Yangtze River etc.since the Qing Dynasty was established.The information was passed to the downstream by the text form through the system transmission of the national post,finally to central government,which was advantageous in effective decision and management.This article inspected initially the establishment of water gauge station in Qing Dynasty,then researched the operation process of the flood warning in flood season,through the establishment,system design and the disposition and function of related official in Wanjintan.The article thought that facing government affairs in general area,the Qing government planed the entire watershed management,used government＇s environmental record function,and hoped to establish the system of the flood warning in flood season,which could strengthen control of flood disaster risk and maintain its political rule.

关 键 词：清政府 志桩 “水报” 万锦滩 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]