栗山天牛幼虫天敌白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂的转主寄主研究  

Alternative hosts of Sclerodermus pupariae(Hymenoptera:Bethylidae),a larval parasitoid of the longhorn beetle Massicus raddei(Coleoptera:Cerambycidae)

作　　者：唐艳龙[1] 王小艺[1] 杨忠岐[1] 姜静[1] 王晓红[1] 吕军 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所国家林业局森林保护学重点实验室,北京100091 [2]辽宁省宽甸县森林病虫防治检疫站,辽宁宽甸118200

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2012年第1期55-62,共8页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划课题(2006BAD08A12);国家自然科学基金项目(30972377)

摘　　要：在利用白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂Sclerodermus pupariae防治世代周期长、发育整齐的害虫栗山天牛Massicus raddei中,我们发现该天敌只在寄主1-3龄幼虫时具有良好的寄生效果,而对3龄以上的中老龄幼虫基本不寄生。为了了解释放白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂后其种群能否在栎树林间延续下去,达到持续控制靶标害虫的效果,我们调查了其在栎树林间的转主寄主。结果表明:白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂除了寄生栗山天牛外,还能寄生双簇天牛Moechotypa diphysis、四点象天牛Mesosamyops和栎块斑吉丁Lamprodila virgata幼虫。白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂寄生不同转主寄主幼虫的成功率差异显著,对栎块斑吉丁和双簇天牛幼虫的寄生率最高,分别为76.67%和73.33%。寄生上述4种寄主时,其雌蜂在不同寄主上的产卵前期、产卵量及第2代雌蜂出蜂量、出蜂率、体长和寿命等差异不显著,只有幼虫期和蛹期历期及第2代雌蜂有翅率和雌雄性比略有差异。室内模拟林间寄生试验表明,白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂对双簇天牛和四点象天牛幼虫的寄生率较高。对双簇天牛和四点象天牛野外生活史研究发现,这2种天牛幼虫在白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂不适宜寄生的栗山天牛中老龄幼虫期、蛹期和成虫期均大量存在,表明双簇天牛和四点象天牛是白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂在栎树林中的主要转主寄主。本研究说明,在利用白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂生物防治栗山天牛中,白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂在林间寄生栗山天牛的1-3龄幼虫后,可转移寄生双簇天牛等转主寄主,以延续其种群,待下一代栗山天牛幼龄幼虫出现时再转移寄生栗山天牛,达到持续控制栗山天牛的防治效果。During the study on a biocontrol program by releasing a parasitoid,Sclerodermus pupariae Yang et Yao（Hymenoptera：Bethylidae）,for control of Massicus raddei（Blessig）（Coleoptera：Cerambycidae）,a wood borer with long generation period and developmental uniformity of Quercus liaotungensis Koidz and Q.mongolica Fischer in northeastern China,it was found that the parasitoid preferred to parasitize the 1st-3rd instar larvae of the pest with high parasitization rate,but not on elder host larvae（over 3rd instars）.In order to understand the maintenance of the parasitoid population and whether sustainable control effect after its release,an investigation on alternative hosts of the parasitoid was carried out in oak forests.We found several alternative hosts in the oak trees attacked by M.raddei,including Moechotypa diphysis（Pascoe）,Masosa myops Dalman（Coleoptera：Cerambycidae）,and Lamprodila virgata（Motchulsky）（Coleoptera：Buprestidae）.The parasitoid inoculation test indicated that there were significant differences in parasitism on different potential hosts with the high parasitization rates on both M.diphysis（76.67%） and L.virgata（73.33%）.When the bethylid parasitized the four host species above,between them the differences in preoviposition period,number of eggs laid,number of females produced and the emergence rate,body length and life-span in the 2nd generation were not significant,and only the larval and pupal duration as well as the rate of females with wings and the ratio of female to male showed a little difference.The parasitization rates on larvae of M.diphysis and M.myops were higher than those on other hosts,and the biological observation in forests indicated that the larvae of the two cerambycids always existed during the unfavorite developmental periods（i.e.,over 3rd instar larval and pupal stages） of M.raddei for the bethylid to parasitize,clearly suggesting that the two cerambycid species are the main alternative hosts of S.pupariae in oak forests.The results

关 键 词：白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂 栗山天牛 双簇天牛 四点象天牛 转主寄主 寄生 生物学 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]