不同提取溶剂和方法组合从落叶松毛虫蛹中提取的脂肪酸成分和含量的比较  

Comparison of composition and content of fatty acids extracted from pupae of Dendrolimus superans(Lepidoptera:Lasiocampidae) with combinations of different extraction solvents and methods

作　　者：胡礼禹[1] 马玲[1] 胡礼俊 姜嫄[1] 王慧[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]贵州省黔南州州农委农产品质量安全监督综合检测中心,贵州都匀550400

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2012年第1期116-123,共8页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：黑龙江省科技支撑项目(2010-48)

摘　　要：落叶松毛虫Dendrolimus superans(Butler)蛹个体较大,具有很高利用价值。为明确东北落叶松毛虫蛹中脂肪酸成分,探讨最佳提取溶剂和提取方法的组合,分别以正己烷、石油醚和乙醚为提取溶剂,结合超声波振荡萃取法、索氏萃取法及溶剂萃取方法热浸和冷浸4种提取方法提取落叶松毛虫蛹油,并采用毛细管色谱-质谱法分析提取物的脂肪酸种类和相对含量。结果表明:正己烷溶剂与4种提取方法的组合中,溶剂萃取热浸法提取率最高,为25.60%。索氏萃取及溶剂萃取方法热浸和冷浸均检测到10种脂肪酸,正己烷-超声波振荡萃取组合检测到9种脂肪酸。石油醚溶剂与4种提取方法的组合中,索氏萃取提取率最高,为29.31%,均检测到10种脂肪酸。乙醚溶剂与4种提取方法的组合中,溶剂萃取冷浸法提取率最高,为29.11%,检测到的脂肪酸种类为溶剂萃取冷浸法(13种)>索氏萃取法(12种)>溶剂萃取热浸法(11种)>超声波振荡萃取法(9种)。在检测到的总脂肪酸中,63%以上为不饱和脂肪酸,其含量受提取溶剂和方法的影响不大。因此,适合东北落叶松毛虫蛹中脂肪酸提取的最佳组合为石油醚溶剂-索氏萃取法。The pupa of Dendrolimus superans has very high utilization value because of its large size.In order to definite the composition and content of fatty acids in pupa,and explore the optimal combination of extraction solvent and extraction method,pupa oil was extracted by 4 kinds of extraction methods（ultrasonic oscillation extraction,soxhlet extraction,and solvent extraction methods of hot soak and cold soak） in three kinds of extraction solvents（hexane,petroleum ether and ether） in this study.Capillary chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC/MS） was used to analyze the composition and relative content of fatty acids.The results showed that the extraction rate using hot soak was the highest（25.60%） in hexane among the four extraction methods.Ten kinds of fatty acids were tested with each method except ultrasonic oscillation extraction（9 kinds were tested）.The extraction rate using soxhlet extraction was the highest（29.31%） in petroleum ether among four extraction methods.Amount of 10 kinds of fatty acids extracted was equal using four extraction methods.The extraction rate using cold soak was the highest（29.11%） in ether among four extraction methods.Number of different kinds of fatty acids extracted was in the following order from high to low：cold soak（13） soxhlet extraction（12） hot soak（11） ultrasound oscillation extraction（9）.Unsaturated fatty acids accounted for more than 63% of total fatty acids,and their contents were not markedly influenced by the extraction solvent and different extraction methods.So it is proposed that the optimal extraction solvent and method for fatty acids in D.superans pupae are petroleum ether and soxhlet extraction.

关 键 词：落叶松毛虫 蛹 脂肪酸 不饱和脂肪酸 色谱-质谱法 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]