20世纪30年代美国南部妇女阻止私刑协会的活动及其影响  

Activities of the Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching and its Effect in the 1930s

作　　者：谢国荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学历史学院,教授武汉430072

出　　处：《世界历史》2012年第1期66-78,160,共13页World History

基　　金：2011年教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划;国家社科基金青年项目(批准号为10CSS004);教育部第37批留学回国人员科研启动基金;武汉大学人文社会科学"70后"学术团队的资助

摘　　要：20世纪30年代,以埃姆斯为首的中产阶层的白人妇女成立了美国南部妇女阻止私刑协会,开展了大量的反私刑活动,以女性的身份驳斥了私刑作为保护她们免受黑人性侵的正当性和必要性。她们的斗争不仅导致了私刑的减少和公共舆论的改变,而且迫使民权组织把斗争重点由反私刑转向反对教育中的种族隔离。她们不仅改善了南部的种族关系,成为民权运动的先驱,而且提升了妇女的社会形象,展示了妇女在社会改革中的重要性,成为女权运动的先驱。In November 1930,a small group of southern white women leaders from middle class answered Jessie Daniel Ames's call to establish the Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching(ASWPL)in Atlanta.The organization focused on the development and promotion of educational programs against lynching,leaving the field of political action to other groups.It repudiated the claim that lynching is necessary for the protection of white women,and created a new climate of public opinion by challenging the connection between racial violence and sexual attitudes.ASWPL's campaign led to the reduction of lynching in the South.They had greatly affected the South's whole approach to the problem of race relations,and made NAACP change its emphasis from anti-lynching to anti-separate education in public schools.These women were lesser-known faces in US civil rights activities.However,they had improved race relations in the South and women's public image and their importance of social reform in the American society.In fact,they not only pioneered the way for racial equality but also for gender equality.

关 键 词：私刑 南部妇女阻止私刑协会 埃姆斯 反私刑斗争 民权运动 

分 类 号：K712[历史地理—历史学] D971.2[历史地理—世界史] DD914[政治法律—法学]