重金属镉对参环毛蚓胃肠道上皮细胞超微结构损伤的研究  

Study on Effect of Heavy Metal Cadmium Ions on the Ultramicrostructure Damage of Pheretima aspergillum Gastrointestinal Epithelial Cells

作　　者：吴波[1] 李薇[2] 付玉梅[1] 喻良文[2] 彭杰[1] 张惠球[1] 

机构地区：[1]广州医学院,广东广州510182 [2]广州中医药大学,广东广州510006

出　　处：《中药材》2011年第12期1833-1837,共5页Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30772741);广州市科技计划项目(2010Y1-C981)

摘　　要：目的:研究不同浓度重金属镉离子胁迫下对参环毛蚓胃肠道结构的影响。方法:采用不同浓度镉离子胁迫参环毛蚓染毒、HE组织切片染色、光学显微镜及透射电镜下观察参环毛蚓胃肠道超微结构损伤的变化。结果:随着镉离子浓度的增加,参环毛蚓的肠道粘膜上皮细胞有大量溶酶体增生,高尔基复合体增生、扩张呈大泡状,微绒毛、纤毛排列不整齐、紊乱,当镉离子浓度达到30mg/kg时,参环毛蚓肠粘膜上皮细胞微绒毛出现萎缩,纤毛细胞出现溃疡坏死病灶,核膜解体、核质外溢,最后导致坏死。结论:参环毛蚓胃肠道粘膜上皮细胞超微结构的受损程度,是随土壤重金属的污染量而定。在较低重金属浓度条件下,参环毛蚓肠上皮细胞是以溶酶体增生、存积一定量的重金属元素的方式来应对其毒害作用,也可视为肠上皮细胞对有毒异物的一种应答反应,为可逆性损伤;而在较高重金属浓度条件下,肠上皮细胞是以微绒毛和线粒体损伤为主,核膜解体、核质外溢,最后导致坏死,为不可逆性损伤。由此推断,参环毛蚓对重金属的高耐受性或富集作用是通过其肠上皮细胞的这种特性来实现的。Objective： To study the effect of cadmium ions of different concentrations on gastrointestinal epithelial cells structure of Pheretima aspegillum（PA）.Methods： PA were contaminated with cadmium ions of different concentrations,and the structure of the body skin was observed,under light microscope and transmission electron microscope.Results： With the increasing of cadmium ions concentration,a large number of lysosomal hyperplasia could be seen in the PA intestinal epithelial cells,the Golgi complex distributed around,and some Golgi complex hyperplasiaed,extended to a large bubble,microvilli,cilia arranged in irregular,disordered.While in the group contaminated with the high concentration cadmium ions,such as 30mg/kg,the microvilli of the PA intestinal epithelial cells contracted,necrotic ulcer lesions occurred in the ciliated cells.Conclusion：The ultrastructure damage extent of PA gastrointestinal epithelial cells is dependent on the amount of the heavy metal contamination.PA with lower concentration Cd contamination shows mainly lysosomal proliferation,indicating heavy metal accumulation in lysosomes to eliminate toxic substances as a responsible reaction,this kind of damage is reversible.However,PA with higher concentration Cd contamination shows mainly microvilli and mitochondrial damage,nuclear membrane disintegration,nucleoplasm spillover,leading to necrosis,irreversible damage,indicating heavy metal accumulation of PA is related to this trait of intestinal epithelial cells.

关 键 词：镉污染 参环毛蚓 胃肠道上皮细胞 超微结构 

分 类 号：R285.5[医药卫生—中药学]