投喂硬颗粒饲料对沿海滩涂异育银鲫精养大池塘氮、磷利用及其收支的研究  

Study on utilization and budget of N and P in coastal intensive ponds stocked with allogynogenetic silver crucian carp fed by pellets

作　　者：常杰[1,2] 牛化欣[1] 李树国[1] 方波 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古民族大学动物科技学院,内蒙古通辽028000 [2]中国海洋大学海水养殖教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266003 [3]盐城天邦饲料科技有限公司,江苏盐城224056

出　　处：《淡水渔业》2011年第6期54-59,共6页Freshwater Fisheries

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(2002AA648010);内蒙古民族大学博士科研启动基金(BS254)

摘　　要：对江苏盐城沿海滩涂异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio♀×Cyprinus carpio♂)精养大池塘氮(N)、磷(P)利用及其收支进行了分析研究,并考察了投喂两种不同蛋白质含量饲料对异育银鲫生长性能和饲料利用的影响。结果表明:投喂高蛋白饲料(33%)异育银鲫的生长性能、饲料转化率和饲料P利用率优越于低蛋白饲料(30%),但饲料N利用率前者略低于后者。精养异育银鲫大池塘系统中,异育银鲫体形式产出的N和P分别占投入总N和总P的33.1%～33.3%和25.6%～26.9%。在封闭式池塘系统中,精养鲫养殖中N和P低利用效率为营养盐积累的直接原因,大部分N和P滞留或沉积在池塘中。投喂适宜N/P饲料和合理搭配混养滤食性鱼类是提高N和P输出和减弱水体富营养化的有效措施之一。Nitrogen and phosphorus utilization,and their budget in coastal intensive ponds stocked with allogynogenetic silver crucian carp fed by pellets were studied,and the effects of two different crude protein pellets on growth and feed utilization by the rearing target were investigated.The results showed that growth performance,feed conversion rate（FCR） and phosphorus utilization rate（PUR） in fish fed by high protein content pellets（33%） were higher than that by low protein content pellets（30%）,but nitrogen utilization rate（NUR） in fish fed by high protein pellets was lower than that by low protein content pellets.The ratios of nutrients utilized by crucian carp production ranked as follows：nitrogen（N：33.1%~33.3%） and phosphorus（P：25.6%~26.9%） in coastal intensive ponds,respectively.In closed pond systems,low utilization rate of N and P in intensive culture pond was the direct cause of nutrient accumulation in the such systems.And most of the elements of N and P were stranded or deposited in the pond system.The present study indicated that feeding appropriate N/P pellets and rearing filter-feeding fish were one of effective measures to increase N and P output via fish harvest and and so to alleviate environmental water pollution.

关 键 词：颗粒饲料 沿海滩涂 异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio♀×Cyprinus carpio♂) 氮 磷 

分 类 号：S963.1[农业科学—水产养殖]