盐碱胁迫对小麦种子萌发、早期幼苗生长及Na~＋、K~＋代谢的影响  

Effects of Salt and Alkali Stresses on Seed Germination,Early Seedling Growth and the Metabolize of Na^+ and K^+ in Shoots of Wheat

作　　者：蔺吉祥[1] 李晓宇[2] 唐佳红[1] 张兆军[1] 李卓琳[1] 高战武[1,3] 穆春生[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学草地科学研究所,植被生态科学教育部重点实验室,吉林长春130024 [2]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林长春130012 [3]白城师范学院地理系,吉林白城137000

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2011年第6期1148-1152,共5页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家“十一五”科技支撑计划重大项目(2008BADB3B09);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(10SSXT145)

摘　　要：为给盐碱地区小麦合理种植提供依据,以春小麦品种吉麦3号为材料,混合两种中性盐(NaCl∶Na2SO4=4∶1)与两种碱性盐(Na2CO3∶NaHCO3=4∶1)分别模拟不同强度的盐、碱胁迫条件,探讨小麦种子萌发、早期幼苗生长及Na+、K+代谢对其的响应方式,并比较种子萌发期与早期幼苗生长阶段耐盐碱能力的强弱。结果表明,碱胁迫使小麦种子的发芽率、发芽速率及早期幼苗生长的下降幅度大于盐胁迫,高盐环境下未萌发的种子在蒸馏水中复萌较好,而高碱环境下则多数死亡。盐碱胁迫对小麦早期幼苗根生长的抑制程度显著大于茎叶,并且该阶段的耐盐碱性明显低于种子萌发期。随着盐碱胁迫浓度的增加,小麦幼苗根与茎叶中的Na+含量与Na+/K+显著增加,且在碱胁迫下,尤其是根中Na+含量和Na+/K+值更高,盐胁迫下K+含量在根与茎叶中变化不明显,而在碱胁迫下则呈下降趋势。上述结果说明,盐胁迫与碱胁迫对小麦种子活力和早期幼苗生长与生理代谢的影响有着明显的不同,根中大量积累Na+是小麦在早期幼苗阶段耐盐碱性的重要生理特征。小麦种子萌发期与早期幼苗生长阶段耐盐碱性具有明显的差异,盐碱胁迫下种子即使能够萌发也不意味着能够继续生长成苗。Wheat（Triticum aestivum） cv.Jimai 3 bred by Jilin Agricultural University were used as the experimental material to study the effects of salt（NaCl∶Na2SO4=4∶1） and alkali（Na2CO3∶NaHCO3=4∶1） stresses on seed germination,early seedling growth and metabolism responses of Na＋ and K＋.We also compared the ability of salt-alkali tolerance between germination and early seedling stages.The results showed that the reductions of seed germination,germination rate and early seedling growth were greater under alkali stress than that under salt stress,most of non-germinated seeds under higher salt stress germinated well after transferring from high salinity to distilled water while those under higher alkalinity stress lost viability.The inhibition of salt-alkali stresses on roots was much greater than that on shoots,and germination stage was more tolerant to those stresses than early seedling stage.The Na＋ contents and Na＋/K＋ ratios increased much greater under alkali stress,especially in roots.The K＋ contents in both shoots and roots were not affected under salt stress,but decreased under alkali stress.The results suggested that the destructive effects of alkali stress on seed viability,early seedling growth and physiological changes of wheat are severer than that of salt stress.Higher Na＋ concentration in roots is an important feature of wheat tolerance to salinity-alkalinity in early seedling stage.The different saline-alkaline tolerant abilities between the two stages suggested that germinated seeds may not grow to the establishment of seedlings.

关 键 词：小麦 盐胁迫 碱胁迫 种子萌发 幼苗生长 Na+、K+代谢 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311