论海洋生态损害之国家索赔的实现路径  

Discussion of right of claim by state regarding marine ecological damage

作　　者：刘家沂[1] 凌欣[2] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局海洋发展战略研究所,北京100860 [2]天津财经大学法学院,天津300222

出　　处：《中国海商法年刊》2011年第4期48-54,共7页Annual of China Maritime Law

基　　金：2009年科技部国家软科学项目"海洋生态损害的国家求偿法律机制与国际实践研究"(2008GXS5B100)

摘　　要：海洋生态损害是人类活动对海洋生态系统功能等造成了难以恢复或不可逆转的损害。在实体法上,中国环境保护法律制度对生态利益实体权利规定不足;在程序法上,公益诉讼相关规定有所缺失。法律上的缺陷使得传统环境侵权法很难解决海洋生态损害问题。海洋生态损害索赔的权利来源有两种设定:一是物权路径,即私法想象,国家作为民事主体;二是管理权路径,即公共管理想象,国家机器作为公共管理的主体,代表社会公众或道德意义上的人类社会利益。Marine ecological damage is the legal fact that irretrievable and irrecoverable damage is caused by human behavior to the functions of marine ecosystem.Under the current legal scheme in China,there exist the problems of the lack of provisions concerning substantive rights of ecological rights and the absence of relevant provisions of public interest litigation.It is therefore very difficult for traditional environmental tort law to solve issues concerning damage to marine ecology.The right of claim by state regarding marine ecological damage stems from two different ways.One is property path and the state acts as civil body;the other is management path and the state acts as the main body of public administration on behalf of the interests of the public or human society.

关 键 词：海洋生态利益 索赔权利 海洋生态损害 

分 类 号：D922.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]