北京城市绿化2种常见草坪的蒸散特性  

Evapotranspiration Characteristics of Two Lawn Species for Landscaping in Beijing

作　　者：王瑞辉[1,2] 钟飞霞[1] 马履一[2] 

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学,长沙4100041 [2]北京林业大学,北京100083

出　　处：《林业科学》2011年第11期194-198,共5页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：北京市教委学科与研究生教育建设项目产学研联合培养研究生基地(CXYBL2008-2010);中南林业科技大学引进高层次人才项目(104-0122)

摘　　要：北京是世界上最缺水的城市之一,为了改善北京的生态环境,北京已建立起庞大的城市绿地系统至2010年底,绿地总面积已达62672hm2。园林植物在发挥生态、景观等多种有益效能的同时,自身生长需要大量水资源。北京2005年绿地灌溉用水量约为1.9亿m3,The evapotranspiration characteristics of the common lawn species of Poa pratensis and Festuca arundinacea in Beijing was investigated by the weighing method of Microlysimeter. The result revealed that the daily evapotranspiration of the lawn was high at noon and low in morning and evening, and the change pattern had appropriate ecology synchronism with solar radiation and other environmental factors. Daily mean evapotranspiration of P. pratensis, under full sunlight and half shade was 5.78 kg·m-2 and 3.86 kg·m-2 respectively. While the daily average of F. arundinacea, under full sunlight, half shade and all shade, was 4.41 kg·m-2, 3.03 kg·m-2 and 2.63 kg·m-2 respectively. According to physical and physiological characteristics of the grass after withdrawing water, soil moisture content of the lawn could be divided into three grades, sufficient water supply（water potential -0.18^-0.06 MPa）, slight water deficit（water potential -0.44^-0.18 MPa） and medium water deficit（water potential -1.06^-0.44 MPa）. Reduction of sunlight and soil moisture content could reduce evapotranspiration consumption of the lawn. Compared with full sunlight and sufficient water supply, and slight water deficit could reduce evapotranspiration of P.pratensis and F.arundinacea by 62.0% and 47.0% respectively. Evapotranspiration of F.arundinacea in half shade and medium water deficit could reduce 76.0%. Control of water supply and sunlight for the lawn could reduce consumption of water and save irrigation water.

关 键 词：城市绿化 草坪 蒸散 节水管理 

分 类 号：S731.2[农业科学—林学]