基于特征长度的非球形弹丸超高速撞击碎片云特性研究  

Debris Cloud Characteristics of Non-Spherical Projectile Based on Characteristic Length

作　　者：徐坤博[1] 龚自正[1] 侯明强[1] 郑建东[1] 杨继运[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京卫星环境工程研究所,可靠性与环境工程技术国防科技重点实验室,北京100094

出　　处：《高压物理学报》2012年第1期7-17,共11页Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2010CB731600);国家国防科工局空间碎片专项(KJSP06209)

摘　　要：根据ORDEM2000模型和卫星标准解体模型(SBM),确定空间中真实空间碎片的典型形状和撞击姿态。利用AUTODYN仿真软件,基于碎片特征长度,对立方体、方形薄片超高速撞击产生的碎片云进行三维数值模拟,从形状、质量分布、速度分布与能量分布深入分析碎片云特性,并与通用的球形标准弹丸进行比对。结果表明:弹丸形状及撞击姿态对碎片云特性有显著影响,立方体和方形薄片弹丸角撞击时产生的毁伤能力最大,而球形弹丸最小。因此,基于标准球形弹丸获得的弹道极限方程低估了航天器遭受空间碎片撞击损伤的风险,而基于真实碎片特征长度的弹丸形状效应研究将对现行的球形弹丸弹道极限方程(或曲线)做出更合理的修正。The effects of non-spherical projectile shape on hypervelocity impact are investigated for the cube and flake projectiles,which are the typical shapes of orbital debris in ORDEM2000 and Standard Breakup Model （SBM）, by using AUTODYN-3D hydrocode simulations. The characteristics of the debris clouds produced by the hypervelocity impact based on the characteristic length of projectile are analyzed from their shape, mass, velocity and energy distributions, respectively, and are compared with the common used sphere projectile. The simulated results show that the shape and impact orientations of projectile have obvious influences on the debris cloud distribution, and moreover, the point impacts of the cube and flake have the maximum penetration capability, whereas the sphere is minimal. This means that the meteoroids and orbital debris impact risks of spacecrafts would be underestimated using the spherical projectile-based Ballistic Limit Curves （BLC）. The projectile shape effects based on the real characteristic length of orbital debris will make more reasonable corrections for the BLC.

关 键 词：空间碎片 超高速撞击 碎片云 弹丸形状效应 数值仿真 

分 类 号：V423[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计] O347[理学—固体力学]