国际河流水资源公平和合理利用的模式与新发展:实证分析、比较与借鉴  

Modes and Its Development of the Equitable and Reasonable Use of International River Water Resources

作　　者：何艳梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海政法学院经济法系,上海201701

出　　处：《资源科学》2012年第2期229-241,共13页Resources Science

基　　金：上海市曙光计划项目(编号:10SG55);上海市教委重点学科建设项目(编号:J52101)

摘　　要：作为国际水资源法的基本原则,公平和合理利用原则在跨界水资源的分配和利用实践中得到了较广泛的运用。这种运用大致可以分为水量分配和合作开发两种模式,可分别称为公平和合理利用的"初级阶段"和"中级阶段"。受到可持续发展理念和国际环境法的影响,公平和合理利用原则也获得了新的发展。在这种新的发展形势下,基于国际河流流域的整体性,为使流域水资源开发利用获得最佳和可持续的效益,流域开发应贯彻全局思路,创立流域一体化管理模式。我国对境内国际河流的开发利用,应当循序渐进地开展一体化管理,流域水电开发应当进行环境和社会影响评价和后评价。我国作为上游国,如果因为需要维护河流流域的生态系统平衡而影响我国的开发利用,损失经济发展机会,应当积极寻求中下游国家给予生态补偿;同时关注下游国开发利用动态,积极维护我国与国际河流流域的整体利益。International river water resources are one of the basic transboundary water resources. Their development and utilization is a hotspot in the international community.Questions regarding utilization and protection of international rivers in China were examined according to International Law and Comparative Law.As a fundamental principle in International Water Resources Law,the principle of equitable and reasonable use has been widely recognized in practices of allocation and utilization of transboundary water resources.In order to provide necessary reference on use and protection of international rivers in China as well as to assist in decision-making,this study analyzed and compared the modes and their new developments of equitable and reasonable use. The use can be generally categorized into the following two types of model：water quantity allocation and cooperative development,which can be separately named as＂the primary stage＂ and＂the middle stage＂on the development and utilization of transboundary water resources. Influenced by the notion of sustainable development and International Environment Law,the principle of equitable and reasonable use entails new attributes.It is being increasingly influenced by the theory of common interest.More attention is paid to potential use of transboundary water resources as well as basic human need and ecological need.The equitable participation is becoming a new principle.Under the new circumstances,based on an integration of each international water basin,the thinking of overall situations and the mode of integrated management have to be established in order to achieve the optimal and sustainable benefits from the development and use of basin water resources.China shall carry out integrative management on the development and use of international rivers within its territory step by step.Impacts on the environment and society from each basin hydropower development plan and activity shall be evaluated before,during,and after their performance.As an upstream state,if

关 键 词：公平和合理利用 共同利益 公平参与 水量分配 合作开发 一体化管理 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]