气候变化对农牧民生计影响及适应性研究--以鄂尔多斯市乌审旗为例  

Influence of Climate Change on Farming and Grazing Households and Its Adaptation:A Case Study in Uxin Banner in Inner Mongolia

作　　者：刘华民[1] 王立新[2,3] 杨劼[1,3] 梁存柱[1,3] 王炜[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学生命科学学院,呼和浩特010021 [2]内蒙古大学环境与资源学院,呼和浩特010021 [3]中美生态、能源及可持续性科学内蒙古研究中心,呼和浩特010021

出　　处：《资源科学》2012年第2期248-255,共8页Resources Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:40861002;31060076);国家科技支撑计划项目(编号:2011BAC02B03)

摘　　要：通过对鄂尔多斯市乌审旗畜牧业和农业区域10个嘎查村102家农牧户家庭开展的问卷调查和访谈研究,分析了当地农牧民对气候变化的认识,探讨了气候变化对农牧民生计的影响及其适应措施。结果显示,乌审旗农牧业对气候变化的应对能力极为脆弱。干旱是乌审旗农牧业区域最严重的气候灾害;气候变化对两个区域农牧民生计影响的脆弱程度不同;农牧民通过多样化的方式来应对气候变化,但这些过程多数都增加了生产过程中的投入。限制农牧民适应气候变化的因素主要包括资金匮乏、技术缺乏或落后、水资源短缺;农牧民及相关政府部门采取了一系列适应措施,但还不足以应对长期的气候变化。Meteorological observations show that Uxin Banner,situated in Ordos City,Inner Mongolia,has experienced a rising trend in annual mean temperature and strong rainfall variability during past decades,with an increase in drought frequency.Based on methods of questionnaire survey,semi-structured interview,and mathematical statistics,farming and grazing households in Uxin Banner were interviewed in 2009 concerning their perceptions on climate change, quantification of the influence on their livelihoods,the major methods used by farmers and herders to adapt to climate change,and factors affecting their choice of methods and the barriers to adaptation.Results are given as follows.1）Decreased rainfall and rising temperature were generally recognized across the agricultural and animal husbandry areas.Drought was found to be the most recognized meteorological disaster affecting the livelihoods of farmers and herders in Uxin Banner,followed by rising temperature and increasing sand wind.Most of respondents believe that droughts lead to poor growth and declined production.Over the grassland area,77.6% of herders interviewed have artificially sown pastures in their families for bad grass and decreased production of natural grassland.Almost all artificially sown pastures are irrigated.In agricultural areas,irrigation was not practiced before 1982 for high rainfall and shallower ground water. Irrigated agriculture has emerged as a result of decreased rainfall and increased droughts since 2000;2）Different areas differ in their vulnerability to the impacts of climate variability.Being faced with increased droughts and large natural grassland areas,the herders do not know exactly how to adapt to climate change except irrigating artificial grasslands more times.Grazing households are therefore more vulnerable compared with their counterparts in the agricultural areas;3）The major methods used by farmers and herders to adapt to climate change are digging wells,loans,and seeking other work.The respondents of the two areas take a

关 键 词：气候变化 农牧民 生计 适应性 乌审旗 

分 类 号：F327[经济管理—产业经济] P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]