资源、体制与行动:当前中国环境保护社会运动析论  

Resources,Institution and Capacity: on Chinese Environmental Protection Movements of Today

作　　者：何平立[1] 沈瑞英[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海政法学院社会科学研究院,上海201701 [2]上海大学社会学院,上海200444

出　　处：《上海大学学报（社会科学版）》2012年第1期119-130,共12页Journal of Shanghai University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社科规划项目(10YJA810011);上海市教委创新项目(09YS56);上海政法学院城市公共安全与社会稳定科研基地(央财专项2010GSB001)

摘　　要：中国"本土化"的环境保护社会运动可称作是中国语境下"公众参与最广阔的战场",其不仅受到世界绿色政治和生态运动社会思潮的影响,而且也是在中国社会转型发展和环境污染恶化背景下,由中产精英人士与生态环境保护组织积极推动和发展起来的社会运动。近年来,在怒江反坝运动、金沙江环境公益维权运动等一系列环保社会运动中,民间环保社会组织无论在资源动员还是组织联盟方面都起到了决定性作用。该运动的兴起,反映了生态环境问题已成为影响中国社会发展进程的关键性因素。然在现有体制背景下,中国式的环境保护社会运动,虽能积极寻求与政府的互动机会和"合作伙伴"关系,通过制度渠道获取合法性以及国际资源等,但是仍缺少社会政治、经济、文化系统的支持力,同发达国家公民社会运动在社会资源动员、组织结构网络、人力资源、专业技术、行动能力等方面相比较还存在许多不足与问题。尤其是在"管制"、"控制"社会秩序刚性稳定观的思维方式下,中国国情下的环境保护社会运动还面临着传统发展模式强大惯性、"特殊利益集团"阻挠、公民社会欠成熟以及不同话语分歧等困境,是政府与社会在制度化与非制度化之间互动关系的一种重要变量。The localized Chinese environmental protection movement can be viewed as the most popular campaign in China, not only responding to the green politics and the social trend of ecological movement abroad but also pushed and developed by the middle-class elites and environmentalists at home under the background of transformational development in a deteriorated environment. NGOs have played a decisive organizational part in resource mobilization and organization in a series of recent environmentalist campaigns in China, exemplified by the Fight-Against-Dam Campaign in Nujiang and JinshaJiang River Public Environmental Welfare Rights Movement. The appearance of such campaigns reveals that eco-environment has become a vital factor for the Chinese social progress. In the current context, the Chinese environmental-protection movement is able to seek opportunities for interaction and partnership relationship with the government, thus obtaining its legitimacy and international resources. However, it still is in need of social, political, economic, and cultural support and lags behind in comparison with developed countries in many aspects. This is particularly true under a thinking mode characterized by ~ontrol＇and regulation, as such campaigns inevitably confront resistance from the inertial of the traditional development mode, obstruction from ~he privileged social class＇, limitations of immature citizens, and dilemma of discourse discrepancy as well. Notwithstanding, movements alike still serve as essential bidirectional democratic power in balancing institutionalized control from the government and un-institutionalized influence from civil, no matter it is top-down or bottom-up.

关 键 词：环境保护 社会运动 资源动员 行动能力 体制 

分 类 号：C912[经济管理]