玉米与大豆间作对玉米叶片气孔及光合效率的影响  

The Effect of Intercropping of Maize and Soybean on Stomata and Photosynthetic Efficiency of Maize

作　　者：杨磊[1] 吴晗[1] 赵立华[1] 梁艳丽[1] 何汉明[1] 杨静[1] 李成云[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学,农业生物多样性与病虫害控制教育部重点实验室,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2012年第1期39-43,共5页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：国家“973”项目(2011CB100400);国家自然科学基金资助(30860161)

摘　　要：气孔是植物进行气体、水分交换与代谢,响应环境条件,包括病菌侵染的重要通道,其大小、密度和分布既受到遗传的控制,也受到生长环境的影响。为了研究玉米与大豆间作对玉米叶片气孔的影响,笔者采用改良刮制法对玉米叶片下表皮的气孔器长度、宽度和密度进行了观测。结果表明,与净作玉米相比,间作玉米植株上部、中部和下部叶片的气孔密度较净作显著降低,而气孔器长度较净作显著增加;植株中、下部叶片的气孔器宽度也较净作显著增加,植株上、中、下部叶片的光合速率和蒸腾速率都较净作显著增大。这些结果表明,间作对玉米气孔的影响是系统性的,而且气孔这些特征的变化是有利于提高产量、减少叶斑病发生的。Stomata play an important role in gas and water exchange, metabolism and response to environmental conditions, including pathogen infection. The size, density and distribution of stomata were controlled by both genetic and environmental factors. In order to analyze how intereropping of maize and soybean affects maize leaves stomata, The length, width and density of stomata under leaf epidermis of maize were investigated using optimized scraping method. The result showed that stomatal density and length in upper-, middle- and below-parts of maize plants in intercropping of maize and soybean were lower than did in monoculture field of maize, while length of stomata appeared opposite result comparing with the density of stomata. There were more increase of stomata width in middleand below-parts of maize plants in intercropping than did in monoculture ones. The Photosynthesis and transpiration rates of maize leaves in intercropping fields were significantly increased, compared with parameters in monoculture ones. The above-mentioned results indicated that intercropping of different crops could systematically influence stomata of maize leaves and the change of stomata character also contributed to improve production of crop and reduce occurrence of leave speck disease.

关 键 词：气孔 玉米 刮制法 光合速率 间作 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]