动词内隐性否定的语义层次和溢出条件  

On the semantic levels and overflow conditions of the implicit negative verbs in Chinese

作　　者：袁毓林[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学中文系,100871

出　　处：《中国语文》2012年第2期99-113,191,共15页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大研究项目<面向语义搜索的汉语词汇本体知识研究>(批准号:10JJD740008);国家自然科学基金项目<面向文本推理的汉语语义计算模型研究>(项目号:90920011)的资助

摘　　要：本文通过考察"防止、避免、差、欠、拒绝、否认、小心、后悔、责怪、怀疑"等类动词的语义结构和句法表现,分别讨论其所含的隐性否定的语义层次(断言、推论、预设);用动词内隐性否定的语义溢出来解释相关句子中冗余性的多重否定,着重于确定动词内隐性否定的语义溢出和词汇实现的句法语义条件;并且,尝试用动词内隐性否定的语义溢出和语义倒灌等隐喻性概念,揭示动词"怀疑"有意义相反的两个义项("不相信"vs."相信、猜测")及其在分布上呈现出互补状态的句法语义机制。This paper investigates the syntactic and semantic features of the implicit negative verbs in Chinese like fangzhi(防止 prevent),bimian(避免 avoid),cha(差 want),qian(欠 lack),jujue(拒绝 reject),fouren(否认 deny),xiaoxin(小心 mind),houhui(后悔 regret),zeguai(责怪 blame),and huaiyi(怀疑 doubt),etc.It finds that the implicit negation of these verbs applies to different levels of semantic interpretations such as assertion,inference and presupposition.In some multiple negative sentences,the redundant negation can be ascribed to the semantic overflow of the implicit negative verbs.The paper also discusses the syntactic and semantic conditions of the semantic overflow,as well as its lexical realization by the use of overt negative words.Metaphorical conceptions,such as semantic overflow and its reversal,are used to explain the semantic and syntactic features of the implicit negative verb huaiyi,which has two opposite interpretations('not believe' vs.'believe,guess') with complementary syntactic distributions.

关 键 词：隐性否定 语义层次(断言/推论/预设) 语义溢出 多重否定 语义倒灌 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]