汶川地震滑坡发育特征及其影响因素  

Developmental characteristics and influence factors of landslides in Wenchuan earthquake

作　　者：樊晓一[1] 张友谊[1] 杨建荣[2] 

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学土木工程与建筑学院,四川绵阳621010 [2]四川省地质工程勘察院,四川成都610072

出　　处：《自然灾害学报》2012年第1期128-134,共7页Journal of Natural Disasters

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAK12B02);科技部国际合作项目(2009DFB20190);四川省教育厅重点研究项目(09ZA130)

摘　　要：汶川地震是近年来我国发生的最严重的自然灾害,地震触发了大量的滑坡,造成了严重的人员伤亡和财产损失。根据汶川地震滑坡的调查和勘测,探讨了滑坡的发育特征及其影响因素,旨在为汶川地震滑坡的减灾防灾提供理论依据。分析了地震滑坡的优势坡度范围和最优坡度;地震滑坡面积-频率分布符合对数分布规律而不同于降雨等诱发滑坡的幂律分布。坡向与断层破裂方向的夹角控制着汶川地震滑坡频率、坡度和面积的分布,当坡向与断层破裂方向一致时,受地震抛掷作用滑坡发育的频率和面积的比例大、滑坡平均坡度小;当坡向与断层破裂方向相反和坡向与断层的倾向一致时,受地震撞击崩裂作用,滑坡发育的频率和面积的比例较小、滑坡平均坡度较大。Wenchuan earthquake is the most serious natural disaster in China in the recent years. The earthquake induced a large number of landslides which brought about serious casualty and property loss. Based on the investigation and surveying of seismic landslides in Beichuau, Sichuan Province, the characteristics and influence factors of landslide development were studied. The purpose of this study is to provide a valuable theoretical basis for the reduction and prevention of the seismic landslide disaster. In this paper, the advantageous gradient extensions and the most favorable gradients of seismic landslides were studied. The results show that, the area-frequency distribution of the seismic landslides follows logarithmic distribution, which differs from the rainfall landslide which follows power distribution. The angle between the fault rupture direction and the landslide direction controls the distribution of frequency, gradient and area of the seismic landslides. When the landslide direction agrees with fault rupture di- rection, the proportion of landslide frequency and area are larger and the average gradient is smaller because of throwing out action under earthquake. When landslide direction is opposite to the fault rupture direction and the same with the fault incline direction, the proportion of landslide frequency and area are smaller and the average gradient is larger due to collision and crash in the earthquake.

关 键 词：地震滑坡 断层破裂方向 滑坡方向 坡度 滑坡面积 

分 类 号：P642.22[天文地球—工程地质学]