新疆野生杏花粉量及花粉活力研究初报  

Preliminary Study on the Pollen Amount and Its Viability of Wild Apricot in Xinjiang

作　　者：刁永强 耿文娟[2] 廖康[2] 许正 杨磊[3] 

机构地区：[1]新疆伊犁州林业科学研究院,新疆伊宁835000 [2]新疆农业大学新疆特色果树研究中心,乌鲁木齐830052 [3]新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2012年第1期40-45,共6页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆杏产业发展关键技术集成与示范(200931101);高等学校博士点专项科研基金课题(20070758001);新疆维吾尔自治区果树学重点实验室

摘　　要：【目的】对新疆野生杏(Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.)的花粉量及花粉萌发特性进行初步研究,旨在为田间人工辅助授粉提供参考依据,为野生杏资源的开发利用奠定基础。【方法】采集新疆野生杏6个单株的花粉量进行测定,并采用离体培养法,对野生杏花粉活力进行观察研究。【结果】(1)供试6株野生杏每枚花药花粉量平均为1 516粒;新疆野生杏单株间的花粉量存在极显著差异,其中6号单株的花粉量最多,为每花药2 039粒;而2号单株最少,为1 038粒。(2)新疆野生杏花粉离体萌发适宜的培养基为D培养基(1%琼脂+10%蔗糖+0.01%硼酸),贮藏第3 d花粉萌发率达75.4%。(3)野生杏5号花粉在蔗糖浓度分别为20%、10%时萌发率达到最大值(贮藏3 d),分别为:94.6%、88.0%;其次为4号,萌发率为74.0%(10%蔗糖浓度);最低为1号,萌发率为9.9%(20%蔗糖浓度)。【结论】新疆野生杏花粉常温保存3 d内具有较高活力,萌发率能达到90.0%以上,常温保存至30 d丧失活力,适宜浓度的蔗糖和硼酸对新疆野生杏花粉萌发具有一定促进作用。[ Objective ] A preliminary study was conducted on the pollen amount and germination characteristics of Xinjiang wild apricot in order to provide reference for artificial pollination and lay the foundations for developing and utilizing this resource. [ Method] 6 wild apricots were collected and their pollen viability was observed and studied in vitro culture. [ Result ] （ 1 ） The average of the pollen number of grain was 1,516 per anther and there were extremely significant differences between the individual plants. For example, there were the highest pollen grains （2,039 grains） in one anther code 6, but only 1,038 grains for code 2. （2） The suitable culture medium for pollen germination in vitro of wild apricot was No. D, which contained 1% agar, 10% sucrose, and 0.01% boric cid, where pollen germination rates was 75.4%. （3） The code 5 had the highest germination rate which ranged from 94. 6% to 88. 0% when the sucroseconcentration was 20% and 10%, the code 4 ranked second with the germination rate of 74.0% when the sucrose concentration was 10%, and the lowest was code 1 which was only 9. 9% when the sucrose concentration was 20%. [ Conclusion] The pollen of wild apricot had higher activity, and the germination rate reached up to 90.0% under normal temperature preservation of 3 days, but the pollen could hardly germinate after preservation of 30 days. The suitable concentration of sucrose and boric acid had certain promotion function for germination.

关 键 词：野生杏 花粉量 花粉活力 

分 类 号：S662.2[农业科学—果树学] S601[农业科学—园艺学]