纤毛虫念珠异列虫射出胞器的超微结构观察  

Observations on the Ultrastructure of Extrusomes in Anteholosticha monilata(Ciliophora:Hypotrichida)

作　　者：张小翠[1] 翟羽佳[1] 倪兵[1] 顾福康[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学生命科学学院,上海200062

出　　处：《中国细胞生物学学报》2012年第2期174-178,共5页Chinese Journal of Cell Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.31172042)资助项目~~

摘　　要：应用扫描电镜术和透射电镜术显示,纤毛虫念珠异列虫(Anteholosticha monilata)的射出胞器早期发生在细胞质深处,附近有不同类型的囊泡结构。成熟后射出胞器向表膜迁移,结构由不同电子密度片层的体部、结晶状的中心轴杆部和多层膜的帽部组成。受外界刺激时胞器冲破皮层射出,形态呈"蘑菇"状。据上述观察结果推测:该射出胞器具有防御作用,它可能起源于高尔基体活动产生的小泡;在亲缘关系较近的纤毛虫中,其射出胞器可能具有相似的分化特征。By using scanning and transmission electron microscopy,the present study demonstrates a great number of extrusomes distributed in the cortical cytoplasm of a hypotrichous ciliate Anteholosticha monilata.The extrusive organelles in early phase were seen to be located in the deep part of the cytoplasm.There were three kinds of vesicles with different structural characteristics.The mature extrusomes moved towards the pellicle,which consisted three parts: a body consisting of strateform structures of uneven electron density,an elongated shaft located at the centre of the body and a cap including multilayer membrane-structure.The organelles broke through the pellicle and discharged part of their internal structural substances when suffered from the external stimulus,and the extruded structures were mushroom-shaped.The results indicated that the extrusomes play a protective/defensive role when the outer environment changes.Extrusomes may be originated from the vesicles of Golgi apparatus.In the close relationship of ciliates,their extrusomes may have similar characteristics in structure.

关 键 词：纤毛虫 念珠异列虫 射出胞器 扫描电镜术 透射电镜术 

分 类 号：Q952[生物学—动物学]