基于鱼类栖息地盐度需求的汛期河口生态需水研究  

Estuarine Ecological Water Requirement for Flood Season Based on the Salinity Demand of Fishes Habitat

作　　者：彭涛[1] 陈晓宏[2] 王高旭[3] 陈志和[2] 杜建[2] 

机构地区：[1]三峡大学水利与环境学院,湖北宜昌443002 [2]中山大学水资源与环境研究中心,广东广州510275 [3]南京水利科学研究院,江苏南京210029

出　　处：《四川大学学报（工程科学版）》2012年第1期56-62,共7页Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(50839005);国家"十一五"科技支撑计划资助项目(2006BAB14B07);三峡大学人才科研启动基金项目(KJ2010B029)

摘　　要：海河流域枯水期中下游河道基本干涸,汛期来水基本上是河口全年生态维持水量的惟一来源。根据汛期河口水生态系统的特点,选择鱼类为河口水生态系统的关键种群,以盐度作为关键生态因子,构建基于生态学和水动力学的汛期河口生态需水计算模型。以海河流域漳卫新河河口为例,采用改进熵值法进行河口及邻近海域鱼类优先保护次序评价,确定蓝点马鲛(Scomberomorus niphonius)和半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis)作为优先保护对象。在此基础上,运用1维水流和盐度数学模型模拟河口盐度与流量相关关系,以优先保护鱼类产卵和育幼的适宜盐度为控制条件,计算得到汛期漳卫新河河口最小和适宜生态流量分别为10.1、57.5 m3/s,揭示水动力特性变化导致鱼类栖息地盐度及其生态需水的变化规律。Based on ecology and hydrodynamics,a model for evaluating the estuarine ecological water requirement for flood season was established.Fishes was chosen as estuarine aquatic ecosystems key populations,and salinity was determined as the key ecological factor based on characteristics of estuarine aquatic ecosystems.The model was tested on the data from the Zhangweixin River Estuary（ZRE） in Haihe basin.The improved entropy method was used to evaluate the priority conservation order of fishes,and Scomberomorus niphonius and Cynoglossus semilaevis was identified as the priority conservation target in the ZRE and its adjacent sea area.On this basis,the relationship between estuarine salinity and discharge was simulated by using one-dimensional flow and salinity mathematical model.Under the condition of suitable salinity of target species spawning and nursery,minimum and medium ecological flow for flood season was 10.1 and 57.5 m3/s,respectively in the ZRE.The result revealed the change law of fish habitat salinity and estuarine ecological water requirement caused by hydrodynamic characteristic changes.

关 键 词：鱼类栖息地 盐度因素 生态需水量 汛期 数值模拟 漳卫新河河口 

分 类 号：TV213.2[水利工程—水文学及水资源]