灌水量对日光温室黄瓜水分分配及硝态氮运移的影响  

Effects of different irrigations on water distribution and nitrate transport in a solar-greenhouse grown cucumber

作　　者：孙丽萍[1] 温永刚[1] 王树忠[2] 王永泉[2] 张振贤[1] 陈青云[1] 任华中[1] 高丽红[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院,北京100193 [2]北京市农业技术推广站,北京100101

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2012年第1期93-99,共7页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：水利部公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201001061);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(Nycytx-35-gw22)

摘　　要：为了揭示灌水量对日光温室黄瓜水分分配及硝态氮运移的影响,以津育5号黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)为试材,研究了常规灌溉、常规灌溉量下浮25%和50%3个灌水量条件下,灌溉水的去向、硝态氮淋洗、根层土壤硝态氮运移、根系分布及产量和水分利用效率。结果表明:减少灌水量使水分深层渗漏、土面蒸发及土壤储水量下降,而植株蒸腾量和含水量不同处理差异不显著;在本试验设定的灌水量范围内,灌水量减少有增产趋势,下浮25%和50%分别比常规灌溉增产10.5%和15.4%,水分利用效率提高10.9%和22.0%;并减少了硝态氮的淋洗量,促使养分更多的分布于根层,对节水和保护地下水环境具有重要意义。In order to reveal the effects of different irrigations on water distribution and nitrate transport,conventional,75% and 50% conventional irrigations were evaluated in a solar-greenhouse-grown-cucumber Jinyu No.5.Water distribution,nitrate leaching,root zone nitrate transport,root distribution,yield and water use efficiency（WUE） were determined.The results showed that the amount of leaching,evaporation and soil water storage decreased,but transpiration and moisture content of plant were no significant difference with decreasing irrigation quantity.Both 75% and 50% conventional irrigations resulted in increase of cucumber yield by 10.5% and 15.4%,and WUE by 10.9% and 22.0%,respectively,compared with conventional irrigation.Nitrate leaching was also reduced significantly.It is thus evident that reducing irrigation can be benefit to either crop production,water saving or environmental protection.

关 键 词：黄瓜 灌水量 水分分配 硝态氮 产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S642.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]