突发性大气污染事件数字化动态应急预案系统及其应用  

Digital and dynamical emergency response plan system for accidental air pollution and its application

作　　者：张欣[1,2] 王体健[1] 蒋自强[1] 王勤耕[3] 杜婷婷[3] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学大气科学学院,南京210093 [2]海中心气象台,上海200030 [3]南京大学环境学院,南京210093

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2012年第1期254-260,共7页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：科技部863项目(2007AA06A408);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目;江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目

摘　　要：针对近些年频繁发生的突发性大气污染事件,构建了数字化动态应急预案系统。该系统由基础信息数据库、气象环境模式与健康风险评估系统、数字化动态应急预案三部分组成,并利用地理信息系统将三者有机结合,将事故基本信息、事故发展预测及救援状况直观、动态地展现在系统界面,使应急行动得以及时、高效地展开。实地外场综合应急演习证明,该系统技术路线稳定畅通,运行高效,功能强大,具有较好的可行性和实效性。With regard to frequent accidental air pollution in recent years,a risk assessment and digital real-time dynamic emergency response plan system is designed.The system contains three components： a basic information database,a meteorological model and a health risk assessment system as well as a digital real-time dynamic emergency response plan.The basic information database includes geographic information of industrial parks,distribution of risk sources,emergency monitoring methods of hazardous pollutants,disposal methods of hazardous pollutants and equipments,personnel health protection measures and emergency rescue agencies information etc.Meteorological model and health risk assessment system is made up of the Air Pollution Model（TAPM）,the Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres（ALOHA） and SLAB-AEGLs health risk assessment system.The system not only predicts the meteorological fields and the distribution of hazardous pollutants,but also the health risk fields.This system is able to forecast the development of accidental air pollution.The digital realtime dynamic emergency response plan is the core of the system in guiding the whole rescue operation.A geographical information system（GIS） is applied in the system.The GIS map shows geographic information of the environment around the site of the accident and the predicted regions of influence.A new classification of accident damage degree is also established and applied in the emergency response plan system.This classification considered the predicted regions of influence,the number of affected population and risk sources.In practice,rescue decision-makers should judge the accident level and adjust it according to the development of the accident.Emergency Maneuver shows that the risk assessment and digital real-time dynamic emergency response plan system is a stable,efficient,feasible and effective emergency response plan system.The system could help decision-makers at all levels of government and relevant departments to scientific and efficiently d

关 键 词：大气科学 数字化 动态化 扩散模拟 应急预案 

分 类 号：X82[环境科学与工程—环境工程]