Proton production,regulation and pathophysiological roles in the mammalian brain  

作　　者：Wei-Zheng Zeng Tian-Le Xu 

机构地区：[1]Neuroscience Division, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, ShanghaiJiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China [2]Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, ChineseAcademy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China

出　　处：《Neuroscience Bulletin》2012年第1期1-13,共13页神经科学通报（英文版）

基　　金：supported by grants from the National Basic Research Development Program of China (2011CBA00408);the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30830035);the Shanghai Municipal People's Government (09XD1404900)

摘　　要：The recent demonstration of proton signaling in C. elegans muscle contraction suggests a novel mechanism for proton-based intercellular communication and has stimulated enthusiasm for exploring proton signaling in higher organ- isms. Emerging evidence indicates that protons are produced and regulated in localized space and time. Furthermore, identification of proton regulators and sensors in the brain leads to the speculation that proton production and regulation may be of major importance for both physiological and pathological functions ranging from nociception to learning and memory. Extracellular protons may play a role in signal transmission by not only acting on adjacent ceils hut also af- fecting the cell from which they were released. In this review, we summarize the upstream and downstream pathways of proton production and regulation in the mammalian brain, with special emphasis on the proton extruders and sensors that are critical in the homeostatic regulation of pH, and discuss their potential roles in proton signaling under normal and pathophysiological conditions.The recent demonstration of proton signaling in C. elegans muscle contraction suggests a novel mechanism for proton-based intercellular communication and has stimulated enthusiasm for exploring proton signaling in higher organ- isms. Emerging evidence indicates that protons are produced and regulated in localized space and time. Furthermore, identification of proton regulators and sensors in the brain leads to the speculation that proton production and regulation may be of major importance for both physiological and pathological functions ranging from nociception to learning and memory. Extracellular protons may play a role in signal transmission by not only acting on adjacent ceils hut also af- fecting the cell from which they were released. In this review, we summarize the upstream and downstream pathways of proton production and regulation in the mammalian brain, with special emphasis on the proton extruders and sensors that are critical in the homeostatic regulation of pH, and discuss their potential roles in proton signaling under normal and pathophysiological conditions.

关 键 词：proton extruders proton sensors pH homeostasis proton signaling pH microdomains local accumulation 

分 类 号：Q959.8[生物学—动物学] TH744.1[机械工程—光学工程]