四川省茂县黑热病流行动态与防治措施  

Prevalent Trend and Control Strategies of Leishmaniasis in Maoxian County of Sichuan Province

作　　者：何光彬 田发燕 张富南[3] 

机构地区：[1]茂县疾病预防控制中心,四川茂县623200 [2]茂县沙坝中心卫生院 [3]四川省疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2012年第2期89-93,共5页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

摘　　要：目的了解茂县黑热病流行动态和防治现状,为制定防治对策提供依据。方法收集、整理医疗机构患者病历资料和网络直报疫情报告,核实后进行资料处理;了解疫区各乡镇防治措施实施情况。采用诊治患者、犬只管理、防蛉灭蛉和健康教育的综合性防治措施。结果 1990-2010年全县共发病58例,2005年以来发病呈逐年上升和扩散态势,病例主要以紧邻重疫区黑水县的雅都乡居多,占病例数的39.66%;患者以男性为主,10岁以下儿童病例占患者数的58.62%;2～5月发病占全年的51.72%;病程在6个月内的占84.48%。rk39免疫层析试纸条检测家犬,阳性率为8.00%;媒介中华白蛉为优势蛉种,密度高峰在8月中、下旬。结论家犬是茂县黑热病的保虫宿主,作好犬只管理,灭犬降低家犬密度、查杀感染犬或病犬是控制黑热病流行的主要措施;减少白蛉与人和犬的接触机会,是切断黑热病传播环节的重要措施之一。采用加大葡萄糖酸锑钠治疗剂量和改进给药方法,治疗效果显著,复发率明显下降。Objective To understand the epidemic dynamics and the current situation of disease control and prevention of leishmaniasis in Maoxian county,and provide evidence for the disease control strategies.Methods Processed patients’ medical records were collected from medical institutions and network reports after verification.Investigated the implementation situation of disease control and prevention in epidemic areas.Adopted comprehensive disease control and prevention measures by diagnosing and treating patients,guarding dogs,preventing and killing phlebotomus and offering people health education.Results There were 58 leishmaniasis cases in the whole county from 1990 to 2010.The epidemic analysis showed an increasing and spreading tendency year by year since 2005.Cases mainly happened in Yadu village which adjacent to Heishui county,a severely leishmaniasis affected area,accounted for 39.66% of the total cases.Patients were almost males.Children under the age of 10 accounted for 58.62% of all patients.Incidence during February to May accounted for 51.72% of the whole year.84.48% patients had a course of disease within 6 months.The detection on domistic dogs with rk39 immunochromatographic strip showed 8.00% positive.The infectious vector,phlebotomus sinensis,was dominant species with the density peaked in the middle and late August.Conclusion Dogs are the reservoir hosts of leishmaniasis in Maoxian county.Guarding dogs well,reducing dog density by eliminating dogs,seeking infected and sick dogs are the main measures to control the prevalence of leishmaniasis.Lessening phlebotomus’ contact with dogs and people is one of the important methods to cut off the transmission of leishmaniasis.Increasing the dosage of antimony sodium gluconate in treatment and improving the medication have a remarkable treatment effect,and the recurrence rate decreased significantly

关 键 词：黑热病 中华白蛉 流行动态 防治措施 

分 类 号：R531.6[医药卫生—内科学]